Svec4 10 cells

SVEC4–10 cells (mouse vascular epithelium) were purchased from the Korean cell line bank (Seoul, Korea). Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (Gibco), 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Gibco), and 10% fetal bovine serum were used as a growth medium. The cells were then treated with PBS (PBS group) or oxLDL (5 μg/mL; Thermo Fisher Scientific) plus PBS (oxLDL/PBS group), oxLDL plus ECE (oxLDL/ECE; 50 μg/mL), or oxLDL plus PPB (oxLDL/PPB; 1.8 μg/mL) for 24 h. The treated cells were rinsed with PBS and prepared for some experiments.

SVEC4-10 cells (10⁴) were purchased from the Korean cell line bank (Seoul, Korea). The cells were seeded in wells of 96-well plates and, after 24 h incubation, the attached cells were rinsed twice with PBS. The cells were then treated with BSA plus PBS (PBS), PA plus PBS (PA/PBS), or PA plus phlorotannin (PA/DK, PA/PHB, PA/PPB, or PA/PFFA) for 48 h. The treated cells were rinsed twice with PBS and cell survival was determined using the Transdetect cell counting kit (Transgen Biotech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China). Absorbance was measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader (Spectra max plus, Molecular Devices, San Jose, CA, USA).