Berberine

Berberine (BBR), evodiamine (EVO), coptisine (COP) (Fig. 1C), luteolin (LUT) (Fig. 1D), and cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (C3G) (Fig. 1E) were purchased from Chengdu Pufei De Biotech Co., Ltd (Chengdu, China). Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) was purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). DSPE-PEG2000, cholesterol, and hydrogenated lecithin (HSPC) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Sodium carbonate, ammonia, chloroform, and 95% ethanol were purchased from Chengdu Kelong Chemical Reagent Plant (Chengdu, China). Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and phosphate-buffer solution (PBS) were purchased from Gibco (Uxbridge, UK). Hoechst Staining Kit, Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit, trypsin, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide (MTT), and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). All other reagents were of analytical grade and were used as supplied.

AA I and AA II were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Chlorogenic acid, ursolic acid, quercetin and berberine were from Chengdu Pufei De Biotech Co., Ltd (Chengdu, China). FeCl₃·6H₂O, sodium acetate anhydrous (NaAc), trisodium citrate, tetraorthosilicate (TEOS), 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate (TPM), DVB, DMAPAm, 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) were obtained from Aladdin Industrial Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Formic acid, methanol, acetonitrile and ethylene glycol were bought from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical. Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). The solvents listed above were of chromatographic grade.