1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc, HPLC grade) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Avicel® PH-101 microcrystalline cellulose (50 μm, cotton linter source) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Nonwoven polyester backing material from Nanostone was used as a support for membrane formation. Blue dextran (MW: 5000 Da; 10,000 Da; 500,000 Da) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich for use in membrane pore size characterization. Methylene Blue and Polyethylene Glycol 1000 Da from Sigma Aldrich were used as model dyes to determine the correlation of membrane rejection with molecular weight. Thionine Acetate(90%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich for dying the membranes for confocal fluorescence microscopy.
Avicel ph 101 microcrystalline cellulose
Manufactured by Merck Group
Avicel® PH-101 is a microcrystalline cellulose product manufactured by Merck Group. It is a finely divided, purified, partially depolymerized cellulose. Avicel® PH-101 is used as an excipient in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Blue dextran, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methylene blue, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Thionine acetate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Polyethylene glycol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ferric chloride, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Neutral red, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Na2so4, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Agilent cary 630 ftir spectrometer, by Agilent Technologies (1 mentions)
4 protocols using avicel ph 101 microcrystalline cellulose
1
Cellulose-based Membrane Fabrication
2
Fabrication and Characterization of Cellulose-Based Nanofiltration Membranes
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1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate (EMIMAc, HPLC grade) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA. Avicel® PH-101 microcrystalline cellulose (50 µm, cotton linter source) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Nonwoven polyester backing material from Solecta Membranes was used as a support for membrane formation. Blue dextran (MW: 5000 Da; 10,000 Da) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich for use in membrane pore size characterization. Solutes used in selectivity studies can be seen in Table 1 . Methylene Blue and Neutral Red (Sigma Aldrich) were used as model dies to study rejection of molecules <1000 Da. A model dimer (2-(2-Methoxyphenoxy)-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethanol) was provided by Dr. Mark Crocker’s lab in the Center for Applied Energy Research. Ferric chloride (Fisher Scientific, Hanover Park, IL, USA) was used as an iron (III) source in composite membrane synthesis. Lignosulfonic acid sodium salt was purchased from Beantown Chemical LLC, Hudson, NH, USA. as a lignin sulfonate source. Humic acid (technical grade) and bovine serum albumin were purchased from Sigma Aldrich for antifouling study. Na2SO4 (1000 mg/L Fisher Scientific) was used to characterized nanofiltration membrane performance. The country of origin for all membranes and chemicals use was the United States of America.
3
Anaerobic cultivation of Clostridium cellulovorans
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Clostridium cellulovorans was grown anaerobically in the DSMZ medium 320 (https://www.dsmz.de/microorganisms/medium/pdf/DSMZ_Medium320.pdf), with some modifications. Trypticase peptone and rumen fluid were not supplemented because not required for growth [11] (link). Na 2 CO 3 was replaced by PIPES [piperazine-N,N′-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid)] (15.12 g/l)
as pH buffering agent [11] (link). Media were purged with pure N 2 (instead of 80:20 N 2 -CO 2 mixture) and sterilized by autoclaving (20 min 121°C). Either 5 g/l D-glucose or 10 g/l avicel® PH-101 microcrystalline cellulose (50 µm particle size; Sigma-Aldrich Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA) were supplemented as the main carbon source. Inocula were grown in glucose-supplemented medium until exponential growth phase and then transferred into 500 ml butyl-stoppered bottles containing glucoseor avicel-supplemented medium. Cultures were incubated at 37°C without agitation. For each growth condition three independent cultures were performed.
as pH buffering agent [11] (link). Media were purged with pure N 2 (instead of 80:20 N 2 -CO 2 mixture) and sterilized by autoclaving (20 min 121°C). Either 5 g/l D-glucose or 10 g/l avicel® PH-101 microcrystalline cellulose (50 µm particle size; Sigma-Aldrich Inc., St. Louis, MO, USA) were supplemented as the main carbon source. Inocula were grown in glucose-supplemented medium until exponential growth phase and then transferred into 500 ml butyl-stoppered bottles containing glucoseor avicel-supplemented medium. Cultures were incubated at 37°C without agitation. For each growth condition three independent cultures were performed.
4
Monitoring Chemical Changes in BP Powder
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Changes in chemical compositions of the BP powder after hydrogen peroxide pre-treatment and dilute sulfuric acid hydrolysis were monitored using Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Agilent Cary 630 FTIR Spectrometer (Agilent Technologies, Inc., Danbury, CT, USA) was used to collect the absorbance spectra in the infrared region between 4000 and 600 cm−1 with a spectral resolution of 4 cm−1 and 32 scans. The measurement was conducted at room temperature. Avicel® PH-101 microcrystalline cellulose (Sigma Aldrich) was used as a reference [34 (link)].
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