Rrr δ tocopherol

Commercial standards of RRR-α-tocopherol, RRR-β-tocopherol, RRR-γ-tocopherol, RRR-δ-tocopherol (purity ≥ 95% Calbiochem-Novabiochem Corp. (Merck Group)), α-tocotrienol, β-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, δ-tocotrienol (purity ≥ 97%, Sigma-Aldrich (Merck Group, Taufkirchen, Germany)), and 11′-αT1 (purity ≥ 97%, isolated from palm oil [29 (link)]) were used for tocochromanol identification and quantification. Fatty acids were identified and quantified as fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) using a Supelco 37-Component FAME standard mix (Sigma Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany).

In PT and FO, Vitamin E was determined by hexane-based extraction. PT determination was performed from freeze-dried material. For FO preparation ten capsules were chosen and mixed homogenously. Later triplicate samples of 100 mg PT or 25 mg FO were saponified with KOH, neutralized, extracted with hexane, and later vitamin E was resuspended in ethanol as previously described [64 (link)]. For measurement of vitamin E, 20 µL of the ethanolic suspension were injected into a Jasco HPLC system (JASCO Deutschland GmbH, Pfungstadt, Germany) with PFP reverse phase column (2.6 µm PFP 100 Å 100 × 4.6 mm, Kinetex, Phenomenex Ltd., Aschaffenburg, Germany) maintained at 40 °C using a mobile phase methanol/water (85:15 (v/v)) with a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min for 30 min. Autosampler temperature was set to 5 °C and quantification was performed using a fluorescence detector with excitation/emission wavelengths of 296/325 nm against authentic standards for of RRR-α-tocopherol, RRR-β-tocopherol, RRR-δ-tocopherol, RRR-γ-tocopherol (purity ≥ 95 %, Merck Group), α-tocotrienol, β-tocotrienol, δ-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol (purity ≥ 97 %, Merck Group) diluted in ethanol. The method of quantification of FX and β-carotene in PT was previously described by Derwenskus et al. [60 (link)].