Scopolamine hydrobromide trihydrate s1875

Four-week-old ICR male mice weighing approximately 25-30 g (Orient Co., Seongnam, Korea) were first placed in a breeding room under the following conditions: temperature of 22 ± 2°C, 50 ± 5% humidity, and 12-h dark/12-h light cycle. The mice were adapted to the environment for one week with water and feed supplied ad libitum. The animals were then divided into four groups with six animals per group: the control group, which was administered saline; the scopolamine group, which was administered scopolamine ((−)-scopolamine hydrobromide trihydrate, S1875, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) intraperitoneally at a dose of 1 mg/kg to induce memory impairment; the donepezil group, which was administered 6 mg/kg donepezil (D6821, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA); and the positive control group, which was administered 1 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg β-carotene (C4582, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) [17 , 18 ]. The fermented S. maxima extract was also administered at doses of 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg with saline water.