Glyceryl tripalmitate

Maleic acid, taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate, calcium chloride anhydrate (CaCl2), acetic acid (AcOH) (≥99.8%), pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa, pancreatin from porcine pancreas, glyceryl tripalmitate (99%), and palmitic acid (99%) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Glyceryl dipalmitate (>99%) was purchased from Larodan (Solna, Sweden). Phospholipids (soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC)) was purchased from Lipoid (Köln, Germany). Chloroform (CHCl3), methanol (MeOH), dichloromethane (DCM), and acetonitrile (ACN), all HPLC grade, as well as sodium chloride (NaCl) was purchased from VWR chemicals (Darmstadt, Germany). Tris buffer was purchased from ICN Biomedicals (Santa Ana, CA, USA). Pure Akonino NS oil was purchased from AAK (Karlshamn, Sweden), while Arasco oil and MEG-3 oil were purchased from DSM (Mulgrave, Canada). Concentrate of rHGL (in solution) produced in HEK cells was generously provided by Bioneer A/S (Hoersholm, Denmark). NAN Comfort stage 1 (Nestlé, Rhodes, NSW, Australia) (NAN1) was purchased at Coles Supermarket in Australia. All water used for this study was of ultra pure (UP) quality ( 18MΩ) from an SG Ultra Clear 2002 system (Evoqua, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) or equivalent.

Maleic acid, taurocholic acid sodium salt hydrate, calcium chloride anhydrate (CaCl2), acetic acid (AcOH) (≥99.8%), pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa, pancreatin from porcine pancreas, glyceryl tripalmitate (99%), and palmitic acid (99%) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Glyceryl dipalmitate (>99%) was purchased from Larodan (Solna, Sweden). Phospholipids (soy phosphatidylcholine (SPC)) was purchased from Lipoid (Köln, Germany). Chloroform (CHCl3), methanol (MeOH), dichloromethane (DCM), and acetonitrile (ACN), all HPLC grade, as well as sodium chloride (NaCl) was purchased from VWR chemicals (Darmstadt, Germany). Tris buffer was purchased from ICN Biomedicals (Santa Ana, CA, USA). Pure Akonino NS oil was purchased from AAK (Karlshamn, Sweden), while Arasco oil and MEG-3 oil were purchased from DSM (Mulgrave, Canada). Concentrate of rHGL (in solution) produced in HEK cells was generously provided by Bioneer A/S (Hoersholm, Denmark). NAN Comfort stage 1 (Nestlé, Rhodes, NSW, Australia) (NAN1) was purchased at Coles Supermarket in Australia. All water used for this study was of ultra pure (UP) quality ( 18MΩ) from an SG Ultra Clear 2002 system (Evoqua, Pittsburgh, PA, USA) or equivalent.

For laboratory-scale extractions, n-hexane analytical grade, ethanol 95% purity and acetone technical grade were purchased from VWR International (Radnor, USA).
Trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (HFO-1234ze) 99.5% purity was purchased from Inventec Performance Chemical (St Priest, France).
For analytical procedures, all reagents were HPLC grades. Acetonitrile, ammonium acetate, dichloromethane, primuline and potassium chloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). b-carotene (>98% UV purity) was purchased from Extrasynth ese (Genay, France). Oleuropein (HPLC grade, ! 98%), carnosic acid (HPLC grade, ! 97%), Fatty Acids Methyl Esters mix (Supelco 37 FAME mix), triheptadecanoin (C17:0 TAG, 99% purity), pentadecanoic acid (C15:0, 99% purity), 1-glyceryl palmitate (MAG), 1,3glyceryl palmitate (DAG), glyceryl tripalmitate (TAG), palmitic acid (FFA), ergosterol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylethanolamine and lysophosphatidylcholine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Chloroform, n- hexane, acetone, diethyl ether, acetic acid, methyl acetate, isopropanol and methanol were sourced from VWR International (Darmstadt, Germany).

Balanus rostratus was purchased directly from a fisherman in Mutsu, Aomori, Japan. This species is simultaneously-hermaphrodite, and almost all individuals have both a bloated seminal vesicle, and a matured ovary or a clutch of fertilized eggs (egg lamellae) in November. Similar to other acorn barnacle (balanomorph) species, B. rostratus is thought to mate by inserting its penis into adjacent individuals, but direct observation of mating in this species has not been reported. For the present study, the mature ovary or fertilized clutch lying free in the mantle cavity (Anderson, 1994) was readily obtained by the dissection of B. rostratus harvested from Aomori in late November. Fatty acids were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI). Dipalmitoyl phosphocholine, 1,2-dipalmitoylsn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine, glyceryl tripalmitate, DL-apalmitin and 1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocoline were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).