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26 protocols using realstar sars cov 2 rt pcr kit

1

SARS-CoV-2 Detection by qRT-PCR

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One nasopharyngeal swab sample was collected from each individual during the first week of joining and inoculated in a tube that contained a viral transport medium (VTM) (Vircell, Spain). The viral nucleic acid was extracted by the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germany), followed by a qRT-PCR assay using the RealStar SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Kit (Altona Diagnostics, Germany). The tests detected the E gene sequence of the lineage B-betacoronavirus and the S gene sequence specific to SARS-CoV-2. All samples were initially screened by the detection of the E gene, followed by a confirmatory step to detect the S gene sequence, with RNA positive and negative controls corresponding to the target genes. When only the E gene was detected, the result was considered as inconclusive and another sample was requested for submission on the same day, according to the WHO for interpreting SARS-CoV-2 PCR tests.14
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2

SARS-CoV-2 Detection from Nose and Throat Swabs

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Staff at St. George’s Hospital used Sigma Virocult (MWE, https://www.mwe.co.uk) to collect nose and throat swab samples from patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection; we prepared the samples with RNA extraction kits (Roche Molecular Systems Inc., https://www.lifescience.roche.com). We confirmed infection with the RealStar SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Kit selective for the S and E genes (Altona Diagnostics GmbH, https://www.altona-diagnostics.com) or cobas SARS-CoV-2 Test selective for the E gene and open reading frames 1ab (Roche Molecular Systems, Inc.).
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3

SARS-CoV-2 Infection Diagnosis by PCR

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Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection was proven by combined E- and S-specific PCR (RealStar® SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Kit, Altona Diagnostics, Hamburg, Germany) from a nasopharyngeal swab.
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4

SARS-CoV-2 Detection in Saudi Arabia

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In total, an identified 282 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from the The College of American Pathologists (CAP)-accredited diagnostic laboratory in the Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Department at KFSHRC, Saudi Arabia, from December 2020 to April 2021. These samples were confirmed positive for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 with Ct values ranging from 14 to 40 using a Roter-Gene PCR cycler with RealStar SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Kit (Altona Diagnostics, Hamburg, Germany).
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5

Comparative Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Kits

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Two different SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR kits were used. The RealStar® SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR kit (Altona Diagnostics, Hamburg, Germany) with a detection limit of 625 copies/mL which targets S (spike) and E (envelope) genes of SARS-CoV-2. The Alinity m SARS-CoV-2 Assay (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL, USA), which targets RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and nucleocapsid (N) genes, with a detection limit of 50 copies/mL, was also used. Samples in which SARS-CoV-2 could not be detected up to a cycle threshold (ct) of 43 were considered negative. Both tests were performed according to manufacturer’s instructions [19 (link),20 (link)].
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6

SARS-CoV-2 Detection by Altona Diagnostics RealStar® RT-PCR

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Altona Diagnostics RealStar® SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Kit (Altona Diagnostics GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) is a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay for detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA in a vast array of clinical specimens, including nasopharyngeal swabs. This technique entails two separate amplification and detection steps of SARS-CoV-2 genes, the first targeting the E gene sequence and the second the S gene. The test also uses a set of probes and primers for amplifying an internal control, aimed at sorting out possible rRT-PCR inhibition. The assay was perfumed using a Bio-Rad CFX96™ Deep Well Dx Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). Test results were reported both as quantitative and qualitative measures. In the former case, results were provided as cycle threshold (Ct) value of both E and S genes, whilst qualitative data were reported as positive/negative at test cut-off (i.e., Ct <45 or ≥45) or at the infectivity threshold defined Gniazdowski et al. (i.e., Ct <29.5 or ≥29.5) [8 (link)]. The assay has a total run time of around 2-3 hours.
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7

Validating RT-dPCR and RT-qPCR for SARS-CoV-2

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In case of discrepancies between individual RT-qPCR and grouped RT-dPCR, RT-dPCR results were confirmed by extracting and retesting individually each sample of the group by RT-dPCR and RT-qPCR as previously described and with a third method, the RealStar® SARS CoV-2 RT-PCR Kit (Altona Diagnostics, Germany)[18] .
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8

SARS-CoV-2 Nucleic Acid Amplification Testing

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SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) was carried out using Altona Diagnostics RealStar® SARSCoV-2 RT-PCR Kit (Altona Diagnostics GmbH, Hamburg, Germany). This real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) entails two separate amplifications and detections, independently targeting the SARS-CoV-2 E and S gene sequences. A probe and a primer set for internal control is also included in the test kit, for detecting possible rRT-PCR inhibition. The test was carried out on a Bio-Rad CFX96™ Deep Well Dx Real-Time PCR Detection System (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). Results were considered positive when the cycle threshold (Ct) values of both S and E SARS-CoV-2 genes were lower than 45.
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9

SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Testing of Respiratory Samples

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SARS-CoV-2 RNA testing of respiratory tract samples was performed using the RealStar SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR kit (Altona Diagnostics, Hamburg, Germany). RNA samples were extracted using the QIAamp MinElute Virus Spin kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Tests were performed and interpreted according to the manufacturer’s instructions and semi-quantitative results reported in cycle threshold (Ct) values.
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10

SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR Detection

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Purified nucleic acid from ON swab samples was reverse transcribed into cDNA and amplified using a CE marked, locally validated commercially available kit targeting the E and S-gene sequence regions (RealStar® SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR kit, Altona Diagnostics GmbH, Hamburg, Germany). Samples were considered positive for SARS-CV-2 is either the S gene or E gene report a Ct < 40.
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