Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) provided 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), Folin–Ciocalteu (F–C) reagent, gallic acid, AlCl3, Griess reagent, NG-Methyl-L-arginine acetate salt (L-NMMA), WY14643, CaCl2, and HPLC grade standards of quercetin, kaempferol, isorhamnetin, kaempferol 3-glucoside, isorhamnetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-glucoside, and quercetin 3,4′-diglucoside. Solvents for extraction and fractionation (ethanol, n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) and formic acid were purchased from Daejung Chemicals & Metals (Siheung, Republic of Korea). Solvents for LC/MS (methanol, acetonitrile) were purchased from Honeywell Burdick & Jackson (Muskegon, MI, USA).
Quercetin 3 glucoside
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany
Quercetin-3-glucoside is a flavonoid compound found in various plants. It functions as a glycoside, with glucose attached to the quercetin moiety. This lab equipment product can be used for research and analysis purposes.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Quercetin, by Merck Group (21 mentions)
Catechin, by Merck Group (20 mentions)
Caffeic acid, by Merck Group (19 mentions)
Gallic acid, by Merck Group (19 mentions)
Epicatechin, by Merck Group (18 mentions)
P coumaric acid, by Merck Group (16 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (14 mentions)
Myricetin, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Ferulic acid, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
Rutin, by Merck Group (10 mentions)
Kaempferol, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (9 mentions)
Kaempferol 3 glucoside, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Epigallocatechin, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Naringenin, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Apigenin, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Luteolin, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Epicatechin gallate, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Vanillic acid, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
51 protocols using quercetin 3 glucoside
1
Phytochemical Analysis of Natural Antioxidants
2
HPLC Analysis of Bioactive Compounds
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The HPLC analytical-grade hexane, acetone, acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, methanol and analytical grade 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 6-Hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), hydrochloric acid, citric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride, aluminum chloride, ethanol, Folin–Ciocâlteu reagent, gallic acid, inulin were purchased by Sigma Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). For cromatographic analysis the following reagents were used: HCl ACS reagent (37%), acetic acid, methanol, ethyl acetate, acetonitrile, theaflavin, cafestol, procyanidin A1, procyanidin B1, (−)-epigallocatechin, catechin, caffeine, caffeic acid, ellagic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, trans-cinnamic acid, quercetin 3-glucoside, quercetin 3-D-galactoside, quercetin 3-β-D-glucoside, naringin, hesperidin, myricetin, apigenin, kaempferol, luteolin, and isorhamnetin (HPLC-grade), purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany). Other reagents such as sodium bicarbonate were purchased from Honeywell, Fluka (Seelze, Germany). The Lo. bifermentans MIUG BL 16 strain was from Microorganism Collection of Dunarea de Jos University (acronym MIUG, Galati, Romania). de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe agar (MRS agar) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
3
Phaseolus vulgaris Bioactive Compound Analysis
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Black-seeded common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv Negro de vaina morada) were cultivated in November 2018 and collected in March 2019 in Chiapas, Mexico. Seeds were stored at 4 °C until use. Ultrapure water, ethanol (≥99%), sodium carbonate, 2 N Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, gallic acid, chlorohydric acid, potassium chloride, sodium acetate, Amberlite® XAD-7HP, formic acid, n-hexane (≥95%), ethyl acetate (≥99.7%), methanol (≥99%), trifluoracetic acid (TFA), acetonitrile (≥99.9%), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchrome-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox®), potassium persulfate, sodium nitroprusside, Griess reagent, gallic acid (≥99%), genistein (≥98%), myricetin (≥96%), apigenin-7-glucoside (≥90%), epigallocatechin gallate (≥80%), kaempferol-3-glucoside (≥95%), quercetin-3-glucoside (≥90%), quercetin-3-D-galactoside (≥98%), delphinidin 3-O-glucoside (≥98%), malvidin 3-O-glucoside (≥98%), and petunidin-3-O-glucoside (≥98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). iNOS inhibitor screening kit (Fluorometric) was purchased from Biovision (Milpitas, CA, USA). COX-1 (ovine) and COX-2 (human) inhibitor screening assay kits were purchased from Cayman Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). CO2 gases were obtained from Grupo Infra (Guadalajara, Jal., México).
4
Antioxidant Capacity Measurement Protocol
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Folin–Ciocalteu’s phenol reagent, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (95%) (DPPH), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (97%) (Trolox), sodium carbonate (≥ 99.5%), vanillin (99%), aluminium chloride (99%), sodium nitrite (≥ 99%), (+)-catechin hydrate (>98%), methanol (≥ 99.9%), formic acid (98–100%), and hydrochloric acid (fuming 37%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Milano, Italy).
All standards for phenolic and organic acids, including chlorogenic, protocatechuic, quercetin-3-glucoside, p-coumaric acids, and caffeic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milano, Italy). Ethanol (≥ 70% and ≥ 99.9%), gallic acid, epicatechin, and sodium hydroxide (1 M) were obtained from Fluka (Milano, Italy). All chemicals were of reagent or HPLC grade, and ultra-pure water was produced using a Milli-Q System (Millipore, Milano, Italy).
All standards for phenolic and organic acids, including chlorogenic, protocatechuic, quercetin-3-glucoside, p-coumaric acids, and caffeic acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Milano, Italy). Ethanol (≥ 70% and ≥ 99.9%), gallic acid, epicatechin, and sodium hydroxide (1 M) were obtained from Fluka (Milano, Italy). All chemicals were of reagent or HPLC grade, and ultra-pure water was produced using a Milli-Q System (Millipore, Milano, Italy).
5
HPLC Standards for Biochemical Analysis
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All solvents used were of HPLC grade and supplied by Fisher Scientific. Canavanine sulfate salt, quercetin-3-glucoside, quercetin dihydrate, hyperoside, luteoloside, stachydrine (hydrochloride), trigonelline chloride, diosmetin, H-Glu-Tyr-OH and H-Phe-Glu-OH standards were purchased from the Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany), Thermo scientific, Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany), Chemodex (St. Gallen, Switzerland), Cayman (Düsseldorf, Germany) and Adipogen life sciences (San Diego, CA, USA) companies.
6
Standardized Preparation and Analysis of Plant Extracts
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Mili-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) was applied for the purification of distilled water. Kemika d.d. (Zagreb, Croatia) supplied ethanol (96%), methanol, sodium chloride, Fe (III) chloride hexahydrate, sodium acetate (99%), sodium bicarbonate, and HPLC grade formic acid (99%). Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) supplied maltodextrin (DE 4–7), bile salts, porcine pancreatin, porcine gastric mucosa pepsin, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-(2,4,6- trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl (DPPH), as well as standards of quercetin-3-glucoside, myricetin, gallic, syringic, ferulic, protocatechuic, caffeic, chlorogenic, p-coumaric, and rosmarinic acid. Gum arabic, β-cyclodextrin, Trolox, and 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) were obtained from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Honeywell Riedel-de-Haën (Charlotte, NC, USA) supplied fluorescein sodium salt, while J.T.Baker (Deventer, The Netherlands) supplied glacial acetic acid, hydrochloric acid (37%), and HPLC grade acetonitrile. Extrasynthese (Genay, France) supplied standards of procyanidin B2, rutin, kaempferol-3-glucoside, luteolin, apigenin, catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, and epicatechin gallate. Methanol (ethanol with 0.5% v/v DMSO for apigenin) stock solutions of the standards were used to produce five working standard dilutions.
7
Polyphenolic Extraction and Antioxidant Evaluation
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The material used as the dispersant phase was washed sea sand, 200–300 μm Scharlau (Chemie S.A., Barcelona, Spain), the extraction solvent was LC-MS grade methanol supplied by Scharlau (Chemie S.A., Barcelona, Spain), the ultrapure water was produced in the laboratory with a Milli-Q gradient system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) and the formic acid was supplied by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Folin and Ciocalteau phenol reagent obtained from Sigma–Aldrich and sodium carbonate (Na2CO3, Panreac, Barcelona, Spain) were used for the determination of the total polyphenolic index. The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox®) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Chemie Check GmbH, Steinheim, Germany) and used for the determination of the scavenging activity of the apple peel extracts.
Individual standard stock solutions (2000–8000 µg/mL) were prepared in methanol from pure polyphenols, procyanidin A2, B1, B2, catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid monohydrate (99%), epicatechin gallate, quercetin, quercetin-3-glucoside and quercetin-3-rutinoside, which were all supplied by Sigma–Aldrich (Chemie Check GmbH, Steinheim, Germany). The prepared solutions were stored at −20 °C and protected from light.
Individual standard stock solutions (2000–8000 µg/mL) were prepared in methanol from pure polyphenols, procyanidin A2, B1, B2, catechin, epicatechin, chlorogenic acid, gallic acid monohydrate (99%), epicatechin gallate, quercetin, quercetin-3-glucoside and quercetin-3-rutinoside, which were all supplied by Sigma–Aldrich (Chemie Check GmbH, Steinheim, Germany). The prepared solutions were stored at −20 °C and protected from light.
8
Quantification of Antioxidant Compounds
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Methanol (≥99.9%) was purchased from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Dichloromethane (≥99.9%) was supplied by Sigma Chemical Co. (Madrid, Spain). Hydrochloric acid (37%, w/w) was purchased from Riedel-De Haёn, Sigma (Seelze, Germany). 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox, ≥97%), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS, >98%), cyanidin 3-glucoside chloride (≥95%) and quercetin-3-glucoside (≥98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Maltodextrin was purchased from Nowamyl (Łobez, Poland). Nitric acid (65%, w/w) was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Formic acid (≥98%) was purchased from Fluka Chemie (Madrid, Spain). HPLC-grade Methanol and water were supplied from Fisher Scientific Chemicals (Loures, Portugal) and further filtered using a Solvent Filtration Apparatus 58,061 from Supelco (Bellefonte, PA, USA). Reference Bovine Liver, NIST-1577C was purchased from LGC standards (Dziekanów Leśny, Poland).
9
Analytical Procedures for Natural Compounds
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Hydrochloric acid (HCl), gallic acid, catechin, p-coumaric acid, quercetin-3-glucoside, and quercetin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemie (Steinheim, Germany). In addition, phosphoric acid and caffeic acid were purchased from Fluka (Sigma-Aldrich Chemie, Steinheim, Germany). Acetonitrile was obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), and malvidine-3-glucoside chloride was purchased from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France). All chemicals and standards were HPLC (high-performance liquid chromatography) grade.
10
Analysis of Polyphenolic Compounds
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The phenolic standards including malvidin-3-O-glucoside, procyanidin dimers B1, gallic acid, (+)catechin, (−)epicatechin, procyanidin dimers B2, (−)-epigallocatechin, caffeic acid, myricetin, quercetin, quercetin 3-glucoside, vanillic acid, trans-p-coumaric acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, polydatin, kaemperol, cis-resveratrol, trans-resveratrol, trans-4-hydroxy-3-methoxycinnamic acid and viniferin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The water was purified using a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Ortho-phosphoric acid was obtained from Tianjin kemio chemical reagent Co., Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Acetonitrile was obtained from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Acetaldehyde, DNPH-Acetaldehyde hydrazine standard, DNPH (30% water, m/m) and bovine serum albumin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), while the DNPH (30% water, m/m) was purified by recrystallization from Acetonitrile. All above solvents employed were high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC grade). DPPH was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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