All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. All experimental protocols were approved by the Animal Care Regulations (ACR) Committee of Chonnam National University Medical School (CNU IACUCH-2017-44). Male mice of the C57BL/6 strain were used for in vivo experiments. All mice weighed 20 g at the start of the experiments. LPS (LPS from Escherichia Coli 0111:B4, Sigma Chemical, St. Louis, MO, 10 mg/kg, n=8) was administered intraperitoneally. Mice were maintained on a standard rodent diet and allowed free access to drinking water. On 12 h after LPS injection, mice were anesthetized with isoflurane. Blood samples were collected from the carotid artery and analyzed for creatinine (Exocell, Philadelphia, PA, USA), TNFα and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL, R&D, Minneapolis, MN, USA).
Creatinine
Manufactured by Exocell
Sourced in United States
Creatinine is a laboratory instrument used to measure the concentration of creatinine, a waste product produced by the breakdown of creatine in muscle cells. The creatinine test is primarily used to evaluate kidney function by providing information about the rate at which the kidneys filter waste products from the blood.
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Lab products found in correlation
4 protocols using creatinine
1
LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury in Mice
2
Urine Biomarker Quantification Protocol
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The other groups of mice (n = 6–7 per group) were housed in mouse metabolic cages (Nalgene Nunc International, Rochester, NY, USA) and urine was collected for 24 h, as described [5 (link),22 (link),25 (link)]. The 8-isoprostane F2α and TxB2 in urine were purified, extracted, assayed (Enzo Life Science Inc. Farmingdale, NY, USA), and individual recoveries were assessed as described and validated [25 (link),26 (link)]. The values were normalized with creatinine (Exocell, Philadelphia, PA, USA).
3
Urine Albumin-Creatinine Ratio Assessment
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Mice were caged in metabolic cages and urine was collected over a 24 h period. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits were used to measure urine albumin and creatinine levels (albumin, Bethyl Laboratories, Houston, TX; creatinine, Exocell, Philadelphia, PA). The UACR ratio is expressed as micrograms of albumin to milligrams of creatinine.
4
Metabolic and Renal Effects of EMPA
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The effects of EMPA on various metabolic and renal parameters, body weight and blood glucose were measured. Kidney weights were normalized to body weight. Spot urine was collected at the same time daily. Food and water consumption, and urine volume were monitored daily for 3 consecutive days with one day of acclimation from 24 hrs metabolic cages. Urine parameters analysed included albumin by ELISA (Bethyl Labs, TX, USA), PGE 2 levels by ELISA (Cayman Chemicals), and osmolality by freezing point depression (Advanced Model 3MO Plus Osmometer, Advanced Instruments Inc, MA, USA). Values were normalized to creatinine (Exocell Inc).
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