Carlsbad, CA), human astrocytes (ScienCell), human brain endothelial cell line
(HCMEC/D3; provided by Pierre-Olivier Couraud (Weksler et al., 2005 (link))) and human microglia cell line (CHME5;
provided by Nazira El-Hage, Florida International University, Miami, FL) were
plated (105 cells/ml) according to
manufacturer’s/provider’s instructions. These cells were treated
with respective culture medium (Control) or inflammatory stimuli (supernatant
from LPS- and CD3/CD28 beads-stimulated PBMCs, 50% volume/volume) or
mitochondrial-stress stimulus (rotenone, 100 nM). Cell-culture supernatants were
collected at 0 and 24 hours after respective treatments and stored at
−80°C until further use. Oligodendrocytes were differentiated from
human pluripotent stem cells as described (Douvaras and Fossati, 2015 (link)); differentiated cultures had 70% of
O4+oligodendrocytes.