All reagents used were of the highest commercially available purity. Parthenolide and costunolide were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (SML0417, P0667) (Gillingham, UK). Lactucin, lactucopicrin, 11β-13-dihydroLactucin and 11β-13-dihydrolactucopicrin were acquired from Extrasynthese (3809, 3813, 3810, 3811) (Genay Cedex, France).
Lactucin
Manufactured by Extrasynthese
Sourced in France, Poland
Lactucin is a compound extracted from the Lactuca plant species. It is a colorless, crystalline substance that has been studied for its potential medicinal properties. The core function of Lactucin is as a chemical compound that can be used for research and analysis purposes.
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Lab products found in correlation
Lactucopicrin, by Extrasynthese (5 mentions)
11β 13 dihydrolactucin, by Extrasynthese (2 mentions)
11β 13 dihydrolactucopicrin, by Extrasynthese (2 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Parthenolide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Costunolide, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Glycerol, by EKF Diagnostics (1 mentions)
Lc ms grade solvents, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Chlorogenic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Malt extract agar, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetylcholine chloride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetylcholinesterase, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Chempur (1 mentions)
Milli q plus system, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N hexane, by Chempur (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Kaempferol 3 o glucoside, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cyanidin 3 o glucoside chloride, by Extrasynthese (1 mentions)
Santonin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sulfatase, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
5 protocols using lactucin
1
Isolation and characterization of sesquiterpene lactones
2
Potato Starch-Based Phytochemical Analysis
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Potato starch was purchased from PEPEES (Łomża, Poland); glycerol ≥ 99.5% from Stanlab (Lublin, Poland); phytic acid 50% water solution, LC-MS grade solvents (water ≥ 95%, methanol ≥ 99.9%, formic acid ≥ 98%), and chlorogenic acid ≥ 95% from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); methanol analytical grade ≥ 99.8%, concentrated hydrochloric acid 37%, and Fehling, Carrez, and Folin-Ciocalteu reagents from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland); calcium chloride anhydrous ≥ 97% and natrium carbonate anhydrous ≥ 98% from Eurochem (Tarnów, Poland); lactucin ≥ 95% and lactucopicrin ≥9 5% from Extrasynthese (Genay, France); and Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), Tryptic Soy Agar (TSA), Sabouraud, and Malt Extract Agar (MEA) media from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
3
Quantitative Analysis of Chicory Phytochemicals
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LC-MS-grade reagents water (≥95%), methanol (≥99%), formic acid (≥98%), acetylcholine chloride (≥99%) and acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7 from electric eel, lyophilized powder 200–1000 U/mg) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), n-hexane (≥99%) and ethyl acetate (≥99%) from Chempur (Piekary Śląskie, Poland), and lactucin (≥95%) and lactucopicrin (≥95%) from Extrasynthese (Genay CEDEX, France). Nylon syringe filters were purchased from Chromacol (Herts, UK). Ultrapure distilled water (18.2 MΩ cm) was obtained on a Millipore Milli-Q Plus system (Bedford, MA, USA). Fresh chicory roots (Cichorium intybus L.) were obtained from a local chicory breeder Bakor cultivating the vegetable using the hydroponic method (Skierniewice, Poland).
4
Extraction and Analysis of Bioactive Compounds from Lactuca sativa
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All chemicals and solvents used in extraction and analysis were of analytical grade and purchased from Fisher Scientific Korea Ltd. (Seoul, South Korea) and Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Standards lactucin, lactucopicrin, kuromanin chloride (cyanidin 3-O-glucoside chloride) were HPLC grade (> 95% purity) and were purchased from Extrasynthese (Lyon, France). Other standards such as 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA), dicaffeoyltartaric acid (DCTA), quercetin 3-O-(6″-malonyl)-β-d -glucoside (QMG), and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside (KG) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Seoul, Korea).
5
Extraction and Analysis of Chicory Bioactives
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Brussels/witloof chicory juice was handmade by the homogenization of 2700 g of fresh Brussels/witloof chicory (Hebei Vilof Agritech Co., Ltd., Beijing, China) in 1800 mL of water while using a juice making machine (HAIPAN, Model BL-6A, Zhongshan, China). Lactucin, 11β,13-dihydroLactucin, lactucopicrin, and 11β,13-dihydrolactucopicrin were purchased from Extrasynthese (Lyon-Nord, France). Methanol was used to prepare stock solutions of standard SLs. Working standard solutions were prepared daily by dilution in methanol. Sulfatase (type H-1 from Helix pomatia, containing β-glucuronidase), β-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31, type IX A from E. coli), d-saccharic acid 1,4-lactone (a glucuronidase inhibitor), santonin, and brain heart infusion broth were from Sigma–Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The cellulase enzyme (from Aspergillus niger) was from Solarbio (Beijing, China).
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