Interleukin 10 il 10

Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) [molecular weight (MW): 36,000–50,000, cat#CD4421] was obtained from Coolaber (Beijing, China). 2′-FL (purity ≥ 98%, cat#GY1141) was purchased from Huich Technology Corporation Ltd. (Shanghai, Beijing). Mouse interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) (cat#85-BMS6002), interleukin-6 (IL-6) cat#85-BMS603-2), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) (cat#85-BMS607-3) ELISA kits were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, Mississippi, USA), while interleukin-10 (IL-10) (cat#ab255729) and interleukin-17 (IL-17) (cat#ab100702) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, England, UK). Ampicillin (cat#A105483-5g), vancomycin (cat#V105495-5g), and neomycin (cat#N109017-5g) were obtained from Aladdin (Shanghai, Beijing, China) and metronidazole (cat#443-48-1) was purchased from Solarbio (Beijing, China).

Sections were deparaffinized and rehydrated using a graded ethanol series and incubated overnight at 4 °C with antibodies to interleukin (IL)-1β (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) (Abcam), Interleukin-10 (IL-10) (Abcam), CCR2 (Novus Biologicals, Littleton, CO, USA), GABA (Novus Biologicals), and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1 (Abcam). The slides were then treated with secondary antibodies and biotinylated anti-mouse IgG for 20 min conjugated to streptavidin peroxidase complex (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA) for 1 h, and then treated with 3,30-diaminobenzidine (Dako, Glostrup, Denmark). The slides were counterstained with Mayer’s hematoxylin and photographed under a photomicroscope (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Immunohistochemistry evaluations were performed independently by two experienced researchers who were blinded to the study groups. The positive cell percentage was analyzed with HDAB (hematoxylin and DAB) by selecting color deconvolution in the plugin item in the image J program (NIH, MD, USA).