H2so4

The monomers acrylamide (AAm, 98%) and acrylic acid (AAc, AR grade) and the initiator potassium persulfate (KPS, AR grade) were obtained from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), H₂SO₄, HCl, NaOH, MgCl₂, and NaCl were purchased from Tianjin Damao Chemical Reagent Factory (Tianjin, China), N,N’-Methylenebis(acrylamide) (MBA) was supplied by Shanghai Mackin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX-HCl) was purchased from Dalian MeiLun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Dalian, China), and methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) were purchased from Wenzhou Red Flag Auxiliary Factory (Wenzhou, China). Milli-Q water was used in all experiments.

Corn straw was collected from a farm (Henan, China). Cellulase (322.37 filter-paper unit (FPU)/g) and β-glucanase (10,000 U/g) were purchased from Ningxia Xiasheng Industrial Group Co., Ltd. (Ningxia, China). NaOH, CaO, HCl and H₂SO₄ were purchased from Damao Chemical Reagent Factory (Tianjin, China). The air-dried corn straw was crushed to 1 mm by a hammer mill and stored at room temperature. The corn straw was mixed with alkaline solution (0.8% NaOH +1.2% CaO, w/v) at a ratio of 5:1 (w/v), steamed for 1.0 h, and the pH was adjusted to 4.8 by HCl and H₂SO₄, then dried and pulverized to obtain high-fiber and low-sacchrification CSSF (HFLSCSSF). On the basis of HFLSCSSF, cellulase (15 FPU/g biomass) and β-glucanase (2,000 U/g biomass) were added, and the mixture was evenly stirred; the straw was enzymolized at 50°C for 12 h, then dried and ground to obtain medium-fiber and medium-sacchrification CSSF (MFMSCSSF). On the basis of HFLSCSSF, cellulase (28.12 FPU/g biomass) and β-glucanase (6,600 U/g biomass) were added, and the mixture was evenly stirred; the straw was enzymolized at 50°C for 40 h, then dried and ground to obtain low-fiber and high-sacchrification CSSF (LFHSCSSF). The basal nutrient composition of different kinds of CSSF was shown in Table 1.