Technical grade abamectin (98-99%, Whitmire [now BASF], Research Triangle Park, NC), fipronil (88.7%, Aventis [now Bayer], Research Triangle Park, NC), clothianidin (99.5%, Chem Service Inc., West Chester, PA), indoxacarb (98.5%, Chem Service Inc., West Chester, PA) and DCJW (active form of indoxacarb, 98%, DuPont, Wilmington, DE) were dissolved in DMSO to make stock solutions of 10 mg AI mL−1 DMSO and then serially diluted in DMSO to obtain the desired concentrations.
For each insecticide concentration we used 28–30 adult males and 24–30 first instar nymphs per treatment group, with two control groups (defibrinated rabbit blood and defibrinated rabbit blood plus 0.75% DMSO) and 6 treatment groups for each life stage tested. All feedings were made in the scotophase, 2–8 hrs after lights-off.
For each insecticide concentration we used 28–30 adult males and 24–30 first instar nymphs per treatment group, with two control groups (defibrinated rabbit blood and defibrinated rabbit blood plus 0.75% DMSO) and 6 treatment groups for each life stage tested. All feedings were made in the scotophase, 2–8 hrs after lights-off.