Model hem 752 fuzzy

A standard questionnaire was used by trained investigators to collect data regarding the demographic characteristics, lifestyle and previous medical histories of the subjects. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as weight (kg) divided by height squared (m²). Blood pressure (BP) was measured 3 consecutive times (OMRON Model HEM-752 FUZZY, Omron Company, Dalian, China) on the left arm after the subjects had remained seated for at least 5 min; the average reading was used for the analysis. After at least 10 h of overnight fasting, venous blood samples were collected between 07∶00 and 09∶00 to measure the FPG, fasting insulin, cholesterol, triglycerides and creatinine levels. The 2hPG was measured after the subjects had completed a 75-g OGTT. HbA1c was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (VARIANT II and D-10 Systems, BIO-RAD, USA). The homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index was calculated as follows: fasting insulin concentration (mIU/L)×FPG concentration (mmol/L)/22.5 [13] (link). The eGFR was calculated from the creatinine levels using the CKD-EPI formula [14] (link) as shown in Table 1.

Waist circumference (WC), neck circumference (NC), and hip circumference (HC) were measured as previously described [6 (link)]. BMI was calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m²). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were measured in triplicate on the same day after a rest period of at least 10 min, using an automated electronic device (Omron Model HEM-752 Fuzzy, Omron Company). For each participant, a fasting blood sample was drawn from the antecubital vein the morning after polysomnographic monitoring. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, APOA, APOB, and apolipoprotein E (APOE) were measured in the hospital laboratory using an autoanalyzer (H-7600; Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). Fasting levels of insulin in the serum were measured using an immunoassay diagnostic system. Insulin resistance was calculated using the homeostasis model assessment method (HOMA-IR) as previously described: fasting serum levels of insulin (μU/mL) × fasting plasma levels of glucose (mmol/L)/22.5.

The computerized patient record system of Qilu Hospital was used to collect data regarding the demographic characteristics and previous medical histories of subjects. Antidiabetic medications were included in the following categories: insulin, insulin secretagogues, and others (thiazolidinedione (TZD), metformin, and alpha glucosidase inhibitor). BMI was determined by dividing the weight by the height squared (kg/m²). Blood pressure (BP) was measured 3 consecutive times (OMRON Model HEM-752 FUZZY, Omron Company, Dalian, China) using the left arm after the subject had remained seated for at least 5 min, and the average reading was used for the analysis. Fasting blood samples were collected after a 10-hour fast and before the ingestion of breakfast and medication. FBG, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were measured by an automatic analyzer (TOSHIBA TBA-40F, Toshiba, Japan). HbA1C was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography (BIO–RAD VARIANT II, Bio-Rad, USA). Plasma betatrophin levels were determined by an ELISA (Wuhan Eiaab Science, Wuhan, China; Catalogue number E11644h). Plasma irisin levels were measured by ELISA (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Burlingame, USA; Catalogue number EK-067-29).

We used a standard questionnaire to collect lifestyle factors including habits of smoking, drinking and physical activity, etc. The current smoking or drinking status was defined as “yes” if the subject smoked at least one cigarette or consumed alcohol at least once a week in the past 6 months. Physical activity at leisure time was assessed using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire [27 (link)] by adding questions on the duration of mild/moderate/vigorous activities per day. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as body weight in kilograms divided by height squared in meters (kg/m²). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were measured in triplicate on the same day after at least 10-min rest using an automated electronic device (OMRON Model HEM-752 FUZZY, Omron Company, Dalian, China).
Fasting serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were measured by the clinical chemistry diagnostic system (C16000, Abbott Laboratories, Illinois, USA). Plasma glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography using the VARIANT II Hemoglobin Testing System (Bio-Rad Laboratories).