lung cancer) cells were seeded onto black
96-well plates with optical bottom (Thermo Fisher) at a density of
5 × 10–4 cells/mL. After 24 h, the IOH-NPs
were carefully redispersed and added to the growth medium at varying
concentrations. At varying time-points after treatment, the cells
were fixed with 4% formaldehyde in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)
for 10 min at room temperature, followed by washing with phosphate-buffered
saline (PBS). Nuclei were labeled with DAPI (5 ng/mL). Cell membranes
were stained using the CytoPainter Cell Plasma Membrane Staining Kit
(Abcam, United Kingdom) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
Confocal three-dimensional images were acquired using a Zeiss LSM980
microscope in Airyscan super-resolution mode.