High density polyethylene (HDPE), GM9450F, with melt flow index of 9.3 g/10 min (190 °C/2.16 kg) was purchased from Braskem, São Paulo, Brazil [62 ]. Chitosan (CS) from crab shells, as supplied by Polymar, Leola, PA, USA, with 95% deacetylation degree was used since the high amount of active primary amine on the chitosan backbone provide excellent reactive sites for chemical modifications. Moreover, highly deacetylated chitosan is more antimicrobial than acetylated chitosan, as reported in the literature [63 ]. Argel natural bentonite (Bent), with cation exchange capacity of 0.92 meq/g, as determined via methylene blue test according to ANSI/ASTM C837-99 [64 (link)], was obtained from Bentonit União Nordeste, Campina Grande, Brazil. This bentonite was passed through a 200 mesh sieve and was used without further purification. XRD patterns showed that it was mainly composed of sodium montmorillonite (>95%) [65 ]. The quaternary ammonium salt used was cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (C16H33(CH3)3N+Br−, FW: 364 g/mol), labelled CTAB, supplied by Vetec, Remscheid, Germany, and it was used without any further purification. Analytical grade reagents (glacial acetic acid and sodium hydroxide) were purchased from Vetec and were used as received. All of the solutions were prepared with distilled water throughout the experiment.
Glacial acetic acid
Manufactured by Vetec
Sourced in Brazil
Glacial acetic acid is a concentrated form of acetic acid, containing a minimum of 99.7% pure acetic acid. It is a colorless, crystalline solid or liquid with a pungent odor. Glacial acetic acid is commonly used as a reagent and solvent in various laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Vetec (5 mentions)
Acetone, by Vetec (4 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Vetec (3 mentions)
Nicl 2 6h 2 o, by Vetec (2 mentions)
1 2 4 benzenetricarboxylic anhydride trimellitic anhydride ta, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Pyridine py, by Vetec (2 mentions)
Tween 80, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Diazepam, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phenytoin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Morphine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Formaldehyde 37, by Vetec (1 mentions)
3 molecular sieve, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Whatman, by Cytiva (1 mentions)
Methanol and acetonitrile, by Tedia (1 mentions)
Petroleum ether, by Vetec (1 mentions)
Hexane, by Tedia (1 mentions)
Acetone, by Tedia (1 mentions)
Isopropanol, by Tedia (1 mentions)
Ethyl acetate, by Tedia (1 mentions)
Phthalic anhydride, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
9 protocols using glacial acetic acid
1
Biodegradable HDPE/Chitosan/Bentonite Composites
2
Antimicrobial Chitosan-CTAB Polyethylene Composite
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High-density polyethylene (HDPE), GM9450F, with a melt flow index of 9.3 g/10 min (190 °C/2.16 kg) (ASTM D 1238), density of 0.952 g/cm3 (ASTM D 792), produced by Braskem (São Paulo, Brazil) was donated by Rava Embalagens (Paraíba, Brazil). Chitosan (CS) from crab shells, as supplied by Polymar (Ceará, Brazil) with 95% deacetylation degree and viscosity of 74.03 cps was used since the high amount of active primary amine on the chitosan backbone provides excellent reactive sites for chemical modifications. The quaternary ammonium salt used was cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (C16H33(CH3)3N+Br−, MW: 364 g/mol), labeled CTAB, supplied by Vetec (São Paulo/Brazil) and it was used without any further purification. Analytical grade reagents (glacial acetic acid and sodium hydroxide) were purchased from Vetec and were used as received. All the samples were prepared with distilled water throughout the experiment. The microorganisms used in this study were Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Salmonella sp. (ATCC 14028), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) and donated by State University of Paraíba (Campina Grande, PB, Brazil).
3
Intraperitoneal Drug Administration Protocol
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OXL, diazepam and phenytoin were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Glacial acetic acid and formaldehyde 37% were purchased from Vetec (São Paulo, Brazil). Morphine and Tween 80 were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). All administrations were via intraperitoneal (i.p.) in volumes of 0.1 mL/10 g body weight.
4
Synthesis and Characterization of Metal-Organic Frameworks
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CoCl 2 •6H 2 O, CuSO 4 •5H 2 O, CH 3 COONa•3H 2 O, monochloroacetic acid (99%), and isopropanol were purchased from Synth (Brazil). 1,2,4-Benzenetricarboxylic anhydride (trimellitic anhydride, TA) (97%) (cat no. 552-30-7) and 3 Å molecular sieve (cat no. 208582) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Brazil). NiCl 2 •6H 2 O, glacial acetic acid (99.5%), NaOH, HCl (37% w/w), acetone, N,Ndimetylacetamide (DMA), and pyridine (Py) were purchased from Vetec (Brazil) . Quantitative filter papers (blue ribbon, JP 41, cat no. 3509-1, 12.5 cm diameter, ash content of 0.00009 g, and grammage of 80 g/cm 2 ) were purchased from JProlab (Brazil). Before use, DMA was stored with molecular sieves (3 Å) that had been previously activated in an oven at 150 • C. Py was refluxed in a round-bottomed flask with NaOH pellets for 12 h and distilled before use.
5
Adsorption Studies of Metal Ions
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CoCl 2 Á6H 2 O, CuSO 4 Á5H 2 O, monochloroacetic acid (99%), CH 3 -COONaÁ3H 2 O and isopropanol were purchased from Synth (Brazil). 1,2,4-Benzenetricarboxylic anhydride (Trimellitic anhydride, TA) (97%) (cat no. 552-30-7), Whatman Ò cellulose chromatography papers (20 Â 20 cm) (cat no. WHA3001861) and 3 Å molecular sieve (cat no. 69839) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Brazil). NiCl 2 Á6H 2 O, glacial acetic acid (99.5%), NaOH, HCl (37% w/w), acetone, N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) and pyridine (Py) were purchased from Vetec (Brazil). Quantitative filter paper (black ribbon, JP-41, cat no. 3509-1, 12.5 cm diameter, ash content of 0.00009 g and grammage of 80 g cm À2 ) was purchased from JProlab (Brazil). Py was refluxed in a 2 L round-bottom flask with NaOH pellets for 12 h, distilled and stored in flat-bottom flasks containing NaOH pellets before use. Molecular sieve was previously activated in an oven at 150 °C for 2 h. DMA was stored with molecular sieve (3 Å) before use. All metal ion solutions used in the adsorption studies were buffered. Buffers consisting of 0.05 mol L À1 CH 2 ClCOOH/CH 2 ClCOONa (pH from 2.0 to 3.5) and 0.05 mol L À1 CH 3 COOH/CH 3 COONa (pH from 4.0 to 5.5) were prepared in deionized water (Millipore, model Milli-Q Ò ).
6
Carotenoid and Vitamin E Extraction
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For the extraction of carotenoids and vitamin E, the following analytical-grade reagents were used: acetone and petroleum ether (Vetec, Brazil). The following HPLC-grade reagents were used for the analysis: acetone, hexane, isopropanol, ethyl acetate, methanol and acetonitrile (Tedia, Brazil), and glacial acetic acid (Vetec, Brazil).
The vitamin E standards (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols and tocotrienols) were acquired from Calbiochem®, EMD Biosciences, Inc. (USA). The α-carotene and β-carotene patterns were isolated from concentrated carrot extract; β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene were isolated from tomato and papaya extracts, respectively, by open-column chromatography [25 (link)].
For the filtration of the samples, it was used filter paper no. JP41 J. (Prolab, Brazil), HV Millex filter units, in polyethylene with 0.45 μm of porosity (Millipore, Brazil) and 3 ml sterilized disposable syringes (TKL, China).
The vitamin E standards (α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols and tocotrienols) were acquired from Calbiochem®, EMD Biosciences, Inc. (USA). The α-carotene and β-carotene patterns were isolated from concentrated carrot extract; β-cryptoxanthin and lycopene were isolated from tomato and papaya extracts, respectively, by open-column chromatography [25 (link)].
For the filtration of the samples, it was used filter paper no. JP41 J. (Prolab, Brazil), HV Millex filter units, in polyethylene with 0.45 μm of porosity (Millipore, Brazil) and 3 ml sterilized disposable syringes (TKL, China).
7
Fabrication of PCL Biopolymer Films
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Film samples were produced using PCL pellets by Sigma-Aldrich Brazil (Mn: 80,000 g/mol, degree of hydrolysis of 98 mol%) purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, São Paulo, SP, Brazil, while glacial acetic acid (AA) and 98% pure formic acid (FA) were purchased from Vetec Química Fina LTDA, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Alcoholic extract of Brazilian green propolis (minimum of dry extract of 11% w/v) was purchased from Apis Flora Indústria Brasileira, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
8
Preparation and Modification of Sugarcane Biomass
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CoCl 2 •6H 2 O, CuSO 4 •5H 2 O, monochlroacetic acid (99%), and isopropanol were purchased from Synth (Brazil). Phthalic anhydride (99%) (cat no. 125733) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Brazil). NiCl 2 •6H 2 O, glacial acetic acid (99.5%), NaOH, HCl (37% w/w), acetone, and pyridine (Py) were purchased from Vetec (Brazil). Quantitative filter papers (blue ribbon, JP-41, cat no. 3509-1, 12.5 cm diameter, ash content of 0.00009 g, and grammage of 80 g/cm 2 ) were purchased from JProlab (Brazil). Py was refluxed in a 2 L round-bottomed flask with NaOH pellets for 12 h, distilled, and stored in flat-bottomed flasks containing NaOH pellets before use. All metal-ion solutions were prepared using deionized water (Millipore, model Milli-Q ® Simplicity ® ). SB stalks were collected at Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil. SB stalks were prepared for chem-ical modification following the methodology proposed by Ramos et al. (2015) .
9
Chitosan-TPP Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery
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Medium molecular weight chitosan from shrimp shells, Mv = 260 kDa determined by viscometry (PSL Rheotek, São Paulo, Brazil) [53 (link)] and degree of deacetylation DD = 90% determined by the infrared spectroscopy (Perkin Elmer, Beaconsfield, UK) method [54 (link)], was prepared in the Northeastern Biomaterials Evaluation and Development Laboratory–CERTBIO (Brazil). Pentasodium tripolyphosphate crosslinking agent (TPP, analytical grade), 1,4-naphthoquinone (NQ14) model drug, phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and lysozyme (hen egg-white, HEW) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Darmstadt, Germany) and were used as received. Glacial acetic acid from Vetec (Duque de Caxias/Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and ammonium hydroxide from Neon (São Paulo, Brazil) were analytical grade and used without further purification.
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