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124 protocols using myo inositol

1

Placental Explant Culture with 13C-DHA

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Villous explants were prepared and cultured as previously described12 (link). Briefly, multiple random biopsies of villous explants (approximately 3 × 3 × 3 mm) from each placenta were cultured in each well of 12-well plates in serum-free CMRL media (1.8 mL, contain 0.3 µmol/L inositol) with 1.5% BSA with either no DHA or 13C22-DHA (24 µmol/L, 99 atom % 13C, 99% CP, Cambridge isotope laboratories). Paired samples from each placenta were cultured with either no additional myo-inositol or 60 µmol/L myo-inositol (Sigma, > 99% pure, Saint Louis, MO), each condition in triplicate. The normal physiological circulating concentration of maternal myo-inositol is 20–50 µmol/L, while umbilical cord blood myo-inositol ranges between 45 and 125 µmol/L67 (link),68 (link), so 60 µmol/L was added to determine the effects of myo-inositol, similar to a supplemented state68 (link).
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2

Folate and Myo-inositol Supplementation in Dams

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Folate (Sigma) supplementation was provided via drinking water at 0.2 mg/L. Myo-inositol (Sigma) was given in drinking water at 10 mg/mL. Dams were provided Folate or Myo-inositol supplemented water ad libitum for at least 3 weeks prior to mating and supplementation was continued until embryos were harvested.
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3

Linearity Evaluation of NMR Metabolites

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Linearity of creatinine, valine and myo-inositol NMR measurements were determined according to CLSI guideline EP6-A [33 ]. To generate a low-level fraction, an aliquot of this serum was cleared of small metabolites by dialysis against 1× PBS supplemented with 10 mg/dL of sodium-(L) Lactate as described above. To generate a very high-level fraction, another aliquot of the serum was supplemented with creatinine (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), valine (Sigma Aldrich) and myo-inositol (Sigma Aldrich) to final concentrations >1 mmol/L for creatinine and valine, and >0.4 mmol/L for myo-inositol. A total of 11 equidistant concentration levels were prepared by linear intermixture of the high- and low-level fractions ranging from 100% high level to 0% low level, as recommended [33 ].
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4

Myo-inositol Attenuates Colitis in IL-10 Knockout Mice

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Thirteen IL-10-/- mice were divided into three groups: control (IL-10-/-), piroxicam-treated (IL-10-/- Px), and piroxicam-treated plus myo-inositol (IL-10-/- Px/myo-inositol). Piroxicam-containing chow was made by Harlan-Teklad (Madison, WI, United States). As previously described, 8-10 wk old IL-10-/- mice were fed chow containing 65 mg/250 g piroxicam for one week to synchronize colitis, followed by 85 mg/250 g piroxicam to induce colitis[25 (link)]. Mice were sacrificed 14 or 42 d later. For the group treated with myo-inositol, mice were treated with 1% (w/v) myo-inositol (Sigma) in the drinking water for one week prior to piroxicam treatment and for the duration of the experiment. For experiments of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis, WT mice were treated with 2% (w/v) DSS (MP Biomedical, Santa Ana, CA, United States) for eight cycles. A single cycle of DSS consisted of 7 d of DSS in the drinking water followed by a recovery period of 14 d of regular water. Mice were treated with 1% myo-inositol during the recovery periods.
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5

Mating Assay for Fungal Strains

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Mating assays were performed on Murashige-Skoog media (Sigma, USA) and V8 juice media plus 100 μg/mL myo-inositol (pH 5.0) (Sigma, USA) using KN99a as the MATa partner. Strains were co-inoculated in equal quantities via toothpick and incubated in the dark at room temperature for two weeks. Filamentation and sporulation was examined and imaged using a Leica M125 stereomicroscope fitted with a Leica DFC 425c digital camera running Leica Application Suite 3.6 software (Leica, Germany).
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6

Preparation and Characterization of Plant Cell Culture Media

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Bacteriological Agar powder was purchased from Du Pont de Nemours Int., South Africa and Oxoid Ltd., Basingstoke, Hampshire and England. Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), Phloroglucinol (PG), myo-inositol, vitamins (thiamine HCl, nicotinic acid, pyridoxine HCl) and glycine, were obtained from Sigma Aldrich, Germany. meta-Topolin (mT) was prepared as described previously [60 (link),61 (link)]. The compounds 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (Sigma Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany) Minimal Essential Medium (MEM) (Whitehead Scientific, Winelands Close, Stikland, 7530, South Africa), Gentamicin (Virbac, Carros, France), Foetal Calf Serum (Highveld Biological, Johannesburg, South Africa) and Doxorubicin chloride (Pfizer Laboratories, 85 Bute Lane, Sandton, 2146, South Africa) and Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) (Whitehead Scientific, Winelands Close, Stikland, 7530, South Africa) were used. All chemicals used in the assays were of analytical grade.
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7

Pinot Noir Polysaccharide Isolation Protocol

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Pinot noir wines produced at Oregon State University Research Winery were used for wine polysaccharide isolation. All chemicals were of analytical grade unless otherwise specified. Ethanol (200 proof, HPLC-UV grade) was purchased from Pharmco (Brookfield, CT, USA). Acetyl chloride (≥99%), D-glucose (99%), D-galacturonic acid monohydrate (97%), L-arabinose (99%), L-fucose (99%), and L-rhamnose (99%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Tewksbury, MA, USA). Dextran standards, myo-inositol (≥99%), lactose (≥99%), and D-galactose (≥99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). N-trimethylsilylimidazole (>98%) was bought from TCI Chemicals (Tokyo, Japan), ammonium formate (99%) was obtained from BeanTown Chemical (Hudson, NH, USA), and D-glucuronic acid (≥98%) was purchased from ICN Biomedicals (Irvine, CA, USA). Methanol (extra dry, 99.8%), pyridine (extra dry,99.5%), D-mannose (≥99%), and D-xylose (≥99%) were obtained from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium).
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8

Culturing and Maintaining Cell Lines

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Hep3B, HepG2, and Huh7 cells were purchased from the Korean Cell Line Bank (Seoul, Korea) and cultured in Dulbecco’s minimum essential medium (Corning, NY, USA), supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Corning) and 1% penicillin–streptomycin (P/S; Corning). Human NK-92 cells were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA) and cultured in α-minimum essential medium (Corning), which was composed of 12.5% FBS (Corning), 12.5% horse serum (HS; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 1% P/S (Corning), 0.2 mM Myo-inositol (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.02 mM folic acid (Sigma-Aldrich), 10 ng/mL Interleukin (IL)-2 (Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany), and 20 ng/mL IL-15 (Miltenyi Biotec) activating cytokines. Normal human liver THLE-2 cells were obtained from Dr. KP Kim (Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea) and were cultured in bronchial epithelial cell growth medium (BEGM Bullet Kit; Lonza, Basel, Switzerland) as per the manufacturer’s protocol. All cells were cultured at 37 °C with 5% CO2.
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9

Culturing Human NK92 Cell Line

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For in vitro studies, NK92 cells (CRL-2407, human NK line) were obtained from ATCC. The cells were cultured in a minimum essential medium (MEM, Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) containing 12.5% fetal bovine serum (HyClone, Logan, UT, USA), 12.5% horse serum (HyClone), 200 U recombinant IL-2/mL (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), 2 mmol/L L-glutamine, 0.2 mmol/L myoinositol, 0.1 mmol/L 2-mercaptoethanol, and 0.02 mmol/L folic acid (all Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) at 37°C in a 5% CO2 incubator. Fresh medium was replaced every 2 d; cells reached confluence at 5 d of culture.
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10

Catalase-Mediated Cellular Antioxidant Assay

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Bovine liver catalase, myo-inositol,
and 8-anilino-1-naphthalene
sulfate (ANS) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. U.S.A. Disodium
hydrogen orthophosphate and sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate were
purchased from Himedia laboratories while H2O2 was obtained from Merck, Darmstadt, Germany. All other reagents
used in the study were of analytical grade. HeLa cells were purchased
from National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, India.
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