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9 protocols using potassium periodate

1

CMP Slurry for Copper Planarization

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Commercially colloidal SiO2 was used as an abrasive (dmean ~ 70 nm, Fuso, Japan). The solid concentration of SiO2 was 5.0 wt%. 3.0 wt% hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, Junsei Chemical, Japan) was used as an oxidant. Nicotinic acid (Sigma Aldrich, USA) was added to the solution per solid concentration as an inhibitor. 0.01 M manganese(II) nitrate hydrate (Sigma Aldrich, USA) as a catalyst and 0.1 M of citric acid (Sigma Aldrich, USA) as a chelating agent were used. 0.05 M potassium periodate (Sigma Aldrich, USA) was used as an auxiliary oxidizer. The slurry pH was adjusted to 10.0 using potassium hydroxide (KOH, 1.0 N, Daejung Chemical, Korea). 300 mm electroplating Cu wafers were purchased from Advantech Korea Co., Ltd. The ruthenium wafers made through chemical vapor deposition were supplied by MEMC Korea Ltd.
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2

Characterization of Pesticide Residues

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Temephos, TDP, SODP, potassium periodate, acetylthiocholine iodide (ATCh), 5,5-dithio-2-bis-nitrobenzoic acid (DTNB), Triton X-100, butyrylthiocholine, and ethopropazine hydrochloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethyl-paraoxon was obtained from Supelco. T.M. FOS® 500 CE (46%) was acquired from Agromundo, S.A. de C.V. (Mexico City, Mexico). HPLC-grade methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane, and acetonitrile (ACN) were purchased from Fisher Chemical (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Ultrapure water was obtained from a Milli-Q system (Millipore, USA). MS-grade water and acetonitrile were purchased from J.T. Baker (Center Valley, PA, USA). Deuterated NMR solvents were acquired from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories (Tewksbury, MA, USA). Sodium hypochlorite (Cloralex®, 5% chlorine solution) was acquired from Alen del Norte, S.A. de C.V. (Monterrey, NL, Mexico). The Drabkin reagent was obtained from Hycel (Houston, TX, USA). All other chemicals were of the highest purity available.
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3

Synthesis of nano-composite materials

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Amoxicillin and nano zinc oxide was purchased from Alfa Aesar (USA). Ethanol, terephthalic acid, aluminum nitrate nonahydrate, zinc acetate, potassium hydroxide, N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), acetonitrile, monopotassium phosphate, orthophosphoric acid, potassium periodate, sodium persulfate, and hydrogen peroxide were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich. All chemical products were utilized directly without any modification.
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4

Antioxidant Assays for α-Cypermethrin and Curcumin

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α-Cypermethrin (CAS # 52315-07-8; purity ≥97%) was a kind gift from Nanjing Essence Fine-Chemical Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China). Curcumin (LKT-C8069; CAS # 458-37-7; purity >90%) was from LKT Laboratories Inc. (St. Paul, MN, USA). Malondialdehyde bis (diethyl acetal) was from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany); 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH), catalase (CAT; product no. C30), Red cell lysing Buffer Hybri-Max™ (product no. R7757), potassium periodate, iodonitrotetrazolium chloride, superoxide dismutase from bovine erythrocytes, xanthine, xanthine oxidase, and Purpald® were from Sigma–Aldrich Chemie GmbH (Steinheim, Germany). Hydrogen peroxide solution (35%) was purchased from Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG (Karlsruhe, Germany).
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5

Sustainable leather manufacturing using nano-HAp

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Calf hides (pelts) were made available by the Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI) of the National Research and Development Institute for Textiles and Lather (INCDTP), Bucharest. Analytical-grade sodium alginate, potassium periodate and ethylene glycol were procured from Sigma Aldrich (Burlington, MA, USA). Industrial grade sodium alginate and ethylene glycol were purchased from Brenntagg SpA. Sodium chloride, sodium bicarbonate, and water used were industrial grade (provided by ICPI). The synthetic tannins used for comparison were glutaraldehyde (GA) (laboratory tests) and a commercial polyaldehyde (PA) (pilot tests). The pilot-scale synthesis of nano-HAp was developed by University of Turin and Kemia Tau within the M-Eranet project InSuLa (innovative materials and technologies for sustainable leather manufacturing for automotive) [48 (link),54 (link)]. Calcium hydroxide (grade 96%), phosphoric acid (grade 85%), and ammonium hydroxide solution from Sigma Aldrich were used for the nano-HAp laboratory scale synthesis, while industrial-grade hydrated lime, phosphoric acid 85%, and NH3 solution 33% were used for industrial pilot synthesis.
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6

Chitosan-based Hydrogel Synthesis

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Chitosan (MW 50–190 kDa; deacetylation degree: 75–85%), polyethylene imine (MW 25 kDa), potassium periodate, and sodium chloride were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Dortmund, Germany). Methylene blue was obtained from Carlo Erba Reagent (Val-de-Reuil, France). Polyacrylic acid (PAA) (MW 150–170 kDa) was synthesized using radical polymerization as described in our previous study [21 (link)].
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7

Portable Electrochemical ELISA Sensor

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Whatman No. 1 chromatography paper, bovine serum albumin (BSA), rabbit IgG, anti-rabbit IgG (alkaline phosphatase conjugated), anti-rabbit IgG (fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugated), 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) (99%), BCIP®/NBT tablets, Tween® 20, 10 × phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and potassium periodate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Oakville, ON, Canada), and used as received without further purification. Recombinant rat TNF-α, rat anti-TNF-α antibody, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated streptavidin were purchased from Abcam (Toronto, ON). Biotinylated anti-Rat TNF-α was purchased from BioLegend (San Diego, CA). The white LED and polyolefin (PO) were purchased from Digi-Key Cooperation (Thief River Falls, MN). The Arduino UNO microcontroller and the 16 × 2 LCD were purchased from RobotShop Inc. (Mirabel, QC). The Pyralux® (LF7062) copper-coated polymide film was obtained as sample from DuPont (Research Triangle Park, NC, USA). Ferric chloride was purchased for etching the copper from MG Chemicals (Burlington, ON, Canada). The RGB color sensor (TCS34725) was purchased from Adafruit (New York, NY, USA). The scotch plastic thermal laminating pouches were purchased from 3 M (Milton, ON, Canada).
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8

Fluorescent Protein Conjugation Protocol

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2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (99.8%), albumin-fluorescein isothiocyanate conjugate (FITC-BSA), catalase from bovine liver (2,000-5,000 units/mg protein), hydrogen peroxide solution (30%), methyl pentafluorobenzoate (99%), N-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC•HCl), N-Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), poly(-ε-caprolactone) (80 kDa), potassium periodate, Purpald ® , sodium phosphate dibasic heptahydrate, sodium phosphate monobasic monohydrate were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (UK). N-(6-Aminohexyl)rhodamine 6G-amide bis(trifluoroacetate) were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (UK) and Bradford Ultra TM was supplied by Expedeon (UK).
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9

Sodium Sulfated Cellulose Nanocrystals

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Sodium form sulfated CNCs
(11.5 wt %) were supplied by the University of Maine. Potassium periodate,
sodium chloride, octylamine, hexadecylamine, sodium cyanoborohydride,
isopropyl alcohol, calcofluor white, and ion-exchange resin were supplied
by Sigma Aldrich/Merck (Dorset, United Kingdom). Isotactic polypropylene
(PP) microparticles were kindly provided by Prof T. Kondo of Kyushu
University, Japan, but were originally supplied by Prime Polymer Co.,
Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan). Ultrapure water was used for all experiments.
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