Rhodamine 6g rho

Bovine serum albumin (heat shock fraction, pH 7, ≥98%) and rhodamine 6G (Rho) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The glutaraldehyde solution (25% for synthesis) used for crosslinking was purchased from AppliChem GmbH (Darmstadt, German) and 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide hydrochloride was from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum were from Gibco (New York, NY, USA). The Hoechst 33,342 solution and apoptosis kit were from Invitrogen (Waltham, MA, USA). The Cell Counting Kit-8 was from Enzo Life Sciences (New York, NY, USA). Ultrapure water (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) was used for all experiments. All other reagents used were of analytical grade.

Commercial pure Ti (Baoji Special Iron and Steel Co., Ltd., China) was cut into discs (10 mm in diameter, 1 mm in thickness). Alginate (Alg), chitosan (Chi, low molecular weight, deacetylation degree 98%), BSA, dopamine hydrochloride, sodium periodate (NaIO₄), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC, Sigma-Aldrich, USA) and rhodamine 6G (Rho) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA). RGD, RGE, GRGDS, FITC-GRGDS from GL biochem (Shanghai) Ltd., Recombinant human bone morphogenetic proein-2 (BMP-2) was purchased from Rebone Biological Technology Ltd. Shanghai, China. Enzyme-linked immunosorption assay (ELISA) kits were purchased from R&D Ltd., USA. The BCA assay kits and ALP assay kits were purchased from Nan Jing Jian Cheng Ltd., China. Fetal bovine serum (FBS), α-MEM and 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution were purchased from HyClone, USA. Medium 199 is from GIBCO, USA. Antibody anti-actin, second antibody goat-anti-rabbit and Rabbit Anti-Goat IgG-TRITC were purchased from BIOTER, China. All other regents and solvents were of reagent grade.