Insulin

Manufactured by BD

Sourced in United States

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels. It is a key component in laboratory equipment for the analysis and measurement of insulin concentrations.

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Lab products found in correlation

Dexamethasone (dex), by Merck Group (7 mentions) Transferrin, by BD (5 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by BD (4 mentions) Matrigel, by BD (4 mentions) Insulin, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Ascorbate 2 phosphate, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Linoleic acid, by BD (2 mentions) Dexamethasone (dex), by BD (2 mentions) Its insulin transferrin selenium, by BD (2 mentions) β actin antibody, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Antibiotic antimycotic, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Epidermal growth factor (egf), by BD (2 mentions) Selenium, by BD (2 mentions) Epidermal growth factor (egf), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Basic fibroblast growth factor (bfgf), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Proline, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Pyruvate, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Transforming growth factor β3, by R&D Systems (2 mentions) Selenous acid, by BD (2 mentions) Bone morphogenetic protein 2, by R&D Systems (2 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

Insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS) (18 citations) U-100 insulin syringe (15 citations) BD Veo™ insulin syringes (7 citations) 0.3-mL insulin syringe (5 citations) 1 mL insulin syringe (5 citations) 29-gauge insulin syringe (5 citations) 0.5-mL insulin syringe (3 citations) Anti-insulin antibody (2 citations) BD Lo-Dose Insulin Syringe 29 G × 1/2 inch (2 citations) T56-706 AlexaFluor647® anti-Insulin (2 citations)

19 protocols using insulin

Multilineage Differentiation of Human iPSCs

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Mesenchymal differentiation of human iPSCs was induced using specific osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation media. For adipocyte differentiation, cells were cultured in DMEM containing 10% Knockout SR, 0.1 mM β-mercaptoethanol, 2 mM glutamine, 1% NEAA, 100 nM retinoic acid, 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-L-methylxanthine (Sigma), 1 μg ml⁻¹ insulin (Sigma) and 0.25 μM dexamethasone (Sigma) for 3 weeks. For differentiation into osteocytes, cells were cultured in DMEM containing 0.1 mM L-ascorbic acid (Sigma), 10 mM dexamethasone and 1 M indomethacin for 3 weeks. For chondrocyte differentiation, cells were cultured in DMEM containing 1% Knockout SR, 2 mM L-glutamine, 1% NEAA, 40 μg ml⁻¹L-proline (Sigma), 50 μg ml⁻¹ ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (Sigma), 1% sodium pyruvate, 1% ITS (6.25 mg ml⁻¹ insulin, 6.25 mg ml⁻¹ transferrin and 6.25 ng ml⁻¹ selenium), 1.25 mg ml⁻¹ bovine serum albumin, 5.35 mg ml⁻¹ linoleic acid (BD Bioscience, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), 0.1 μM dexamethasone and 100 ng ml⁻¹ BMP2 for 3 weeks.

Son M.Y., Lee M.O., Jeon H., Seol B., Kim J.H., Chang J.S, & Cho Y.S. (2016). Generation and characterization of integration-free induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with autoimmune disease. Experimental & Molecular Medicine, 48(5), e232-.

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CYP2B6 Regulation by PB and CITCO

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Phenobarbital (PB) and 6-(4-Chlorophenyl) imidazo[2,1-b][1 (link),3 (link)]thiazole-5-carbaldehyde-O-(3,4-dichlorobenzyl) oxime (CITCO) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Oligonucleotide primers were synthesized by Integrated DNA Technologies, Inc. (Coralville, IA). The Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System was purchased through Promega (Madison, WI). Antibodies against CYP2B6 and HNF3β were from Santa Cruz (Dallas, TX). β-Actin antibody was from Sigma-Aldrich. Matrigel, insulin, and ITS⁺ (insulin/transferrin/selenium) were obtained from BD Biosciences (Bedford, MA). Other cell culture reagents were purchased from Life Technologies (Grand Island, NY) or Sigma-Aldrich.

Li L., Li D., Heyward S, & Wang H. (2016). Transcriptional Regulation of CYP2B6 Expression by Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 3β in Human Liver Cells. PLoS ONE, 11(3), e0150587.

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Isolation and Culture of Bovine Synovial and Cartilage Cells

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Synovial tissue was harvested from three freshly slaughtered juvenile bovine knee joints (2–4 weeks old) and digested in collagenase type II (Worthington Biochemical Corporation, Lakewood, NJ) for 2 hours with stirring at 37 °C. Digested cells (FLS) were filtered through a 70μm porous nylon mesh. Viable cells were counted and plated at a density of 1.76 × 10³ cells/cm². To obtain a pure cell population, FLS were expanded for two passages in α-Minimal Essential Medium (α-MEM, Life Technologies) containing 10% FBS, 1% antibiotic-antimycotic and bFGF-2 (Life Technologies)^{25 (link); 26}. Articular cartilage explants were cored using a disposable biopsy punch (10 mm diameter, Acuderm^® Inc., Fort Lauderdale, FL) and cultured in cartilage explant media²⁷ supplemented with 1% antibiotic-antimycotic, 1% non-essential amino acids (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), 1 mg/mL BSA, 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid (Sigma-Aldrich), 0.01 μg/mL hydrocortisone (Sigma-Aldrich) and 0.002 μg/mL insulin (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) until use.

Silverstein A.M., Stefani R.M., Sobczak E., Tong E.L., Attur M.G., Shah R.P., Bulinski J.C., Ateshian G.A, & Hung C.T. (2017). Toward understanding the role of cartilage particulates in synovial inflammation. Osteoarthritis and cartilage, 25(8), 1353-1361.

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Hepatocyte Isolation and Characterization

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Tacrine hydrochloride and MK571 were obtained from Cayman Chemical Company (Ann Arbor, MI). Collagenase (type I, class I), rat tail collagen (type I), Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), and insulin were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). Fluvoxamine maleate, verapamil hydrochloride, 5 - (and – 6) – carboxy - 2’, 7 ’-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (CDFDA), dexamethasone, tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA), bovine serum albumin (BSA), soybean trypsin inhibitor, and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). ITS culture supplement (10μg/ml insulin, 10μg/ml transferrin, 10ng/ml selenous acid) was obtained from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA). Valspodar was obtained from XenoTech (Lenexa, KS). Total protein measurement’s reagents with the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) method were from Pierce (Rockford, IL). All other chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade and were readily available from commercial sources.

Mohamed L.A, & Kaddoumi A. (2014). Tacrine Sinusoidal Uptake and Biliary Excretion in Sandwich-Cultured Primary Rat Hepatocytes. Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques, 17(3), 427-438.

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Murine Chondro-Osteogenic Differentiation

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Murine tissue-resident MPCs and bone marrow-derived OCPs were isolated as described above and was plated at a concentration of 200,000 cells per 15 mL tube in chondrogenic medium (DMEM with 1% FBS, 1% penicillin/streptomycin, 37.5 μg/mL ascorbate-2-phosphate [Sigma-Aldrich], insulin, transferrin, selenium premix [BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ], 5 ng/mL TGF-β1). Medium was replaced every 2–3 days. After 12 days, cells were fixed in 0.1% glutaraldehyde in PBS for 20 min at room temperature. Cells were stained with ALP to evaluate early osteogenic differentiation per manufacturer’s instructions (Sigma-Aldrich). After 12 days, micromasses were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde followed by 4% sucrose for 15 min, embedded in optimal cutting temperature compound, and cryo-sectioned at 10 μm onto glass slides. For Alcian blue staining, cells were rinsed in 0.1 N HCl pH 1.0 (Sigma-Aldrich) for 5 min and stained with 1% Alcian blue 8-GX (Sigma-Aldrich) diluted in 0.1 N HCl pH 1.0 for 30 min. Cells were then rinsed in HCl solution and counterstained with nuclear fast red (Biomeda, Foster City, CA).

Strong A.L., Spreadborough P.J., Pagani C.A., Haskins R.M., Dey D., Grimm P.D., Kaneko K., Marini S., Huber A.K., Hwang C., Westover K., Mishina Y., Bradley M.J., Levi B, & Davis T.A. (2020). Small molecule inhibition of non-canonical (TAK1-mediated) BMP signaling results in reduced chondrogenic ossification and heterotopic ossification in a rat model of blast-associated combat-related lower limb trauma. Bone, 139, 115517.

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Mammosphere Formation Assay Protocol

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Mammosphere formation assay was performed as described earlier²⁹. Briefly, MDA-MB-231 cells were seeded in ultra-low attachment plates (Sigma Corning) at a density of 20,000 cells/ml, in serum-free DMEM-F/12 media supplemented with EGF, bFGF, insulin, BSA, and B27 (BD Biosciences). After 7 days, mammospheres were counted from three independent fields. The images were analyzed using the Image J software program (National Institutes of Health; NIH).

Mukherjee S., Adhikary S., Gadad S.S., Mondal P., Sen S., Choudhari R., Singh V., Adhikari S., Mandal P., Chaudhuri S., Sengupta A., Lakshmanaswamy R., Chakrabarti P., Roy S, & Das C. (2020). Suppression of poised oncogenes by ZMYND8 promotes chemo-sensitization. Cell Death & Disease, 11(12), 1073.

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Breast Cancer Cell Line Cultivation

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The human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7, BT-549, MDA-MB-231, SKBr3, MDA-MB-453, T47D, BT-474, HCC1937, and MCF-10A were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). The cells were cultured in medium (L15 for MDA-MB-231; RPMI-1640 for BT-549 and MCF-7; DMEM for SKBr3, MDA-MB-453, T47D, BT474, and HCC1937; and F12 for MCF-10A) at 37 °C in a humidified incubator with or without 5% CO2. 10% FBS and 1% penicillin and streptomycin (Gibco Life Technologies, Lofer, Austria) were added as supplements. The CSCs were sorted from MDA-MB-231 and BT-549 cells and maintained in DMEM/F12 medium. B27 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA), 5 μg/ml of insulin, 20 ng/ml of hEGF (BD Bioscience, Bedford, MA, USA), 1% penicillin/streptomycin and 0.4% BSA were added to DMEM/F12 medium for in vitro propagation.

Wang N., Wang Q., Tang H., Zhang F., Zheng Y., Wang S., Zhang J., Wang Z, & Xie X. (2017). Direct inhibition of ACTN4 by ellagic acid limits breast cancer metastasis via regulation of β-catenin stabilization in cancer stem cells. Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research : CR, 36, 172.

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Culture of AML12 Mouse Hepatocytes

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A normal mouse hepatocyte cell line, AML12, was purchased from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). AML12 cells were cultured in DMEM:F12 (1:1) (Hyclone, Logan, UT, USA) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (v/v) (Hyclone), 100 U/mL penicillin and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Hyclone), 5 μg/mL insulin, 5 μg/mL transferrin, 5 ng/mL selenium (ITS) (BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), 2.5 mL sodium pyruvate (Mediatech, Inc., Manassas, VA, USA), 0.6 g sodium bicarbonate (Daejung Chemicals Co., Siheung, Korea), and dexamethasone (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) at 37°C in a 5% CO₂ atmospheric condition.

Lee S.Y, & Ko K.S. (2016). Effects of S-Adenosylmethionine and Its Combinations With Taurine and/or Betaine on Glutathione Homeostasis in Ethanol-induced Acute Hepatotoxicity. Journal of Cancer Prevention, 21(3), 164-172.

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Growth Factor Signaling Assay

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WT, DKO, transfected or siRNA knockdown cells were starved overnight (o/n), and then treated with bFGF, EGF, HB-EGF (Invitrogen), aFGF (Cell Signaling), IGF-1 (Invitrogen and R & D Systems), or insulin (BD Pharmingen) for the indicated time points. Cells were washed twice with cold 1× phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and lysed with a lysis buffer [1% Triton ×-100, 150 mM NaCl, 50 mM Tris-Cl, pH 7.4, 0.5 mM EDTA, 1 mM sodium orthovanadate, 5 mM beta glycerol phosphate, 1× protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche, Indianapolis, IN)] [46 (link)]. Total of 30–60 μg protein lysates were boiled in the sample buffer, separated on 10% SDS-PAGE and transferred onto PVDF membranes (Millipore, Billerica, MA) followed by incubation with antibodies and detection with ECL (Pierce, Rockford, IL).

Wang Z., Dela Cruz R., Ji F., Guo S., Zhang J., Wang Y., Feng G.S., Birnbaumer L., Jiang M, & Chu W.M. (2014). Giα proteins exhibit functional differences in the activation of ERK1/2, Akt and mTORC1 by growth factors in normal and breast cancer cells. Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS, 12, 10.

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Plasma Metabolite Profiling in Starved Mice

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The following molecules were assayed in plasma from mice after starvation for 6 h: triglycerides (Infinity; Thermo Scientific), cholesterol (CardioChek; Chek Diagnostics), insulin (BD Biosciences), glycerol (Cayman Chemical Company), and adiponectin (R&D Biosystems).

Escande C., Nin V., Pirtskhalava T., Chini C.C., Tchkonia T., Kirkland J.L, & Chini E.N. (2014). Deleted in Breast Cancer 1 Limits Adipose Tissue Fat Accumulation and Plays a Key Role in the Development of Metabolic Syndrome Phenotype. Diabetes, 64(1), 12-22.

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