Cell culture supplies

Human salusin-β was obtained from Phoenix Pharmaceuticals (Belmont, CA, USA). Cell culture supplies were purchased from Costar (Corning Inc., Cypress, CA, USA). Antibodies against ACAT-1, VCAM-1, GAPDH, Lamin B1 and indicated horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated secondary antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Co. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibody against p65 was obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibody against NOX2 was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Sequence of human miR155 inhibitor is 5′-ACCCCUAUCACAAUUAGCAUUAA-3′ and the sequence of its control is 5′-CAGUACUUUUGUGUAGUACAA-3′ (GenePharma, Shanghai, China). Bay11-7082, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), deihydroethidium and the reporter plasmid pGL6-NFκB-Luc for measurement of NFκB activity were obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). Apocynin and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were obtained from Sigma Chemical (St. Louis, MO, USA).

Hy was purchased from Shanghai Shifeng Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). RNAiso Plus reagent was purchased from Takara Co. (Takara, Otsu, Shiga, Japan). Cell culture supplies were purchased from Costar (Corning Inc., Cypress, CA, USA). MCDB 131, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), GW9662 and pioglitazone were purchased from Sigma Chemical Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). Antibody against glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), total or phosphorylated mTOR and goat anti-rabbit IgG H&L (Alexa Fluor^® 488) were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Antibodies against total or phosphorylated Akt were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibodies against toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPAR-γ) and HRP-labeled goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody were purchased from Wuhan Sanying Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Chinese branch, Wuhan, China). LY294002, rapamycin, and DAPI were obtained from Beyotime Biotechnology Research Institute (Shanghai, China). The specific primers, siRNA sequences targeted TLR4 and negative siRNA sequences were synthesized by SangonBiotech (Shanghai, China) Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The concentration of inhibitors used in the present study was determined according to previous studies and our preliminary studies. All experiments were conformed to the Medical Ethics Committee of Jiangnan University.

Trypsin, EDTA, fetal bovine serum (FBS) and penicillin/streptomycin were from Gibco Life Technologies, Inc. (Paisley, UK). Cell culture supplies were purchased from Costar (Corning, Inc., Cypress, CA, USA). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), RNase A, and other chemicals were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Plant materials were collected from Taichung Country in Taiwan. They were identified and authenticated by Dr. Shyh-Shyun Huang, Professor, School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.