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35 protocols using rapid bacterial genomic dna isolation kit

1

Isolation and Identification of Lactobacillus from Fecal Samples

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One hundred and twenty fecal samples were collected from different regions of China. The fecal samples were mixed with 30% sterile glycerin solution (China National Medicines Corp. Ltd., Beijing, China) , stored temporarily at 4°C, and stored at -80°C within 48 h for a maximum of 8 wk. One g of each stool sample was blended with 9 ml sterile physiological saline (China National Medicines Corp.
Ltd.) (Ingham, 1999) . Serial dilution and plating were done in an anaerobic workstation (AW400TG, Electrotek Scientific Ltd., Shipley, West Yorkshire, UK). For selection of lactobacilli, 100 μl of diluent was plated on Lactobacillus selective agar (LBS) (China National Medicines Corp. Ltd.) (Ingham, 1999) , and 50 U/ml nystatin (Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) . Agar plates were cultured in the anaerobic workstation flushed with 80% N 2 , 10% CO 2 and 10% H 2 at 37°C for 72 h. For each sample, colonies on LBS plates were counted. Colonies were selected at random and re-streaked onto LBS agar for purity. The final pure culture was cultured in LBS at 37°C for 24 h and preserved in 30% glycerol (China National Medicines Corp. Ltd.) at -80°C (Bottacini et al., 2018) .
DNA was extracted from each strain using the Rapid Bacterial Genomic DNA Isolation Kit (Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd.) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The identity of each putative
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2

Comprehensive Bacterial Genomic DNA Extraction and Sequencing

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Genomic DNA was extracted using a Rapid Bacterial Genomic DNA Isolation Kit (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The concentration and purity of the extracted DNA were determined using a DNA Qubit 2.0 (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA). The extracted genomic DNA was used to construct next-generation libraries with an insert size of 500 bp using a NEBNext® Ultra™ DNA Library Prep Kit for Illumina® and PacBio RS II libraries with an insert size of 10 kb.
Genome sequencing was conducted by Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) using the next-generation Illumina MiSeq (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) and the third-generation PacBio RS II sequencing platform (Pacific Biosciences, Menlo Park, CA, USA), respectively. The raw sequences obtained from the third-generation PacBio RS II sequencing platform were assembled using Canu (Koren et al., 2016 (link)). Gapcloser and GapFiller were used to close the gaps with next-generation sequence reads where possible after assembly (Boetzer & Pirovano, 2012 (link)) and the sequence variants were detected and assembled by PrInSeS-G to obtain high-quality, whole-genome sequences (Massouras et al., 2010 (link)).
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3

Bacterial 16S rRNA Gene Identification

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The genomic DNA from the overnight grown isolate was extracted by using the Rapid Bacterial Genomic DNA Isolation Kit from Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The 16S rRNA gene was amplified by PCR from the cellulases producing bacteria genomic DNA using primers pairs, 7F (5′-CAGAGTTTGATCCTGGCT-3′) and 1540R (5′-AGGAGGTGTCCAGCCGCA-3′) (Zhang and Nan, 2012 (link)). Amplified products were checked for size and purity on 1% (w/v) agarose gel and were sequenced by Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The obtained sequences were aligned using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST) program of NCBI for homology analysis against the Ribosomal database (http://rdp.cme.msu.edu/index.jsp). The nucleotide sequences of the isolate and closely related strains from GenBank were also used for alignment, and a Neighbor-Joining (NJ) phylogenetic tree was built using the MEGA 7.0 program (Kumar et al., 2016 (link)).
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4

Bacterial 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing

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DNA extraction and PCR amplification were referred to the previous study (Liu et al., 2019 (link)) with some minor modifications. DNA was extracted by the Rapid Bacterial Genomic DNA Isolation Kit (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China). Using primers 338F and 806R, the bacterial 16S rRNA V3-V4 region was amplified. The bacterial DNA amplification was performed with 30 μL reaction solution, containing 10 ng template DNA, 6 μM primers, 15 μL 2 × Phusion Master Mix (New England BioLabs Inc., Ipswich, MA), and 2 μL H2O. The reaction condition of PCR was initial denaturation at 98 ℃ for 1 min, denaturation at 98 ℃ for 10 s, annealing at 50 ℃ for 30 s, and extension at 72 ℃ for 30 s. After 30 cycles, it was extended for 5 min at 72 ℃. The PCR amplification products were investigated by 2 % agarose electrophoresis and further purified with the AxyPrep DNA Gel Extraction Kit (AxyPrep Biosciences, Union City, CA, USA). Then, the bacterial 16S rRNA gene was sequenced by pyrophosphate.
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5

Lactobacillus Genome Sequencing Protocol

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All Lactobacillus strains were cultured in liquid DeMan-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) medium (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Ltd., Shanghai, China) and incubated at 37°C for 12 to 24 h. The bacterial culture was centrifuged at 6,000 rpm for 3 min, and then the supernatant was collected. Next, bacterial cells were washed in 0.9% sterile normal saline and collected by centrifugation under the same conditions. Genomic DNA extraction was performed using the rapid bacterial genomic DNA isolation kit (Sangon Biotech Ltd., Shanghai, China) according to the instruction manual.
Genome sequencing was performed using the Illumina HiSeq× 10 platform (Novogene Biotech Ltd., Tianjin, China; Majorbio Biotech Ltd., Shanghai, China), which generated 2 × 150-bp pair-end read libraries. For each sample, the raw data with no less than 100× genome coverage depth were provided and trimmed into high-quality reads (clean data). The software SOAPdenovo2 (67 (link)) was used to assemble contigs, and then we tested various kmer values and obtained the optimal assembly result. Next, according to the relationship between paired-end reads and read overlaps, the assembly result was partially assembled and optimized to form scaffolds. The quality data of each genome (genome size, GC content, genome level, number of scaffolds, and N50 value) are listed in Table S1A.
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6

Genome Sequencing and Annotation of E. coli

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Total genomic DNA of E. coli isolates was extracted using Rapid Bacterial Genomic DNA Isolation Kit (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Purified DNA was subjected to whole genomic sequencing on the Illumina HiSeq 2000 system with the 150-bp paired-end approach and 150× coverage. Reads were trimmed using Trimmomatic22 (link) and were then assembled using the SOAP de novo program.23 (link) Annotation was carried out using Prokka.24 (link) The species identification was performed by average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis with JSpeciesWS (http://jspecies.ribohost.com/jspeciesws/#analyse). Antimicrobial resistance genes were identified using ResFinder v3.1 of the Center for genomic epidemiology (http://genomicepidemiology.org/).
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7

Comprehensive Genotyping of S. aureus

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DNA extraction was carried out using the Rapid Bacterial Genomic DNA Isolation Kit (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China) following the manufacturer’s protocol. MLST was conducted by amplifying internal fragments of seven housekeeping genes (arcC, aroE, glpF, gmk, pta, tpi, and yqiL) of S. aureus, as previously described.9 (link) The obtained PCR product sequences were then compared to the existing alleles in the MLST database (http://saureus.mlst.net/), which assigned a specific allelic number, known as a sequence type (ST), to each isolate. Amplification of the spa gene was also performed using previously described primers.10 (link),11 (link) The PCR products were sequenced by Tsingke Biological Technology Company (TsingKe, Beijing, China), and the spa types were determined using the Ridom SpaServer (http://www.spaserver.ridom.de). The identification of MRSA was initially carried out through cefoxitin screening, with confirmed cases being verified by the presence of the mecA gene using PCR (F: 5’-3’ GTGAAGATATACCAAGTGATT; R: 5’-3’ ATGCGCTATAGATTGAAAGGAT).12 (link) SCCmec typing of MRSA isolates was conducted using a battery of multiplex PCRs, as previously described.13 (link) MRSA isolates that displayed unanticipated fragments or lacked fragments in the multiplex PCR were categorized as non-typeable (NT).
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8

Enumeration and Identification of Bifidobacterium

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All the stool samples were assessed for the presence of Bifidobacterium. One gram of each stool sample was blended with 9 mL sterile physiological saline. Serial dilution and plating were executed in an anaerobic workstation (AW400TG, Electrotek Scientific Ltd., West Yorkshire, UK). 100 μl of diluent was continuously plated on de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) agar plus 0.05% (w/v) L-cysteine hydrochloride (mMRS), 100 mg/L mupirocin (Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) and 50 U/mL nystatin (Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). Agar plates were cultured in the anaerobic workstation flushed with 80% N2, 10% CO2, and 10% H2 at 37°C for 72 h. For each sample, colonies on mMRS plates were counted. Colonies were selected at random and re-streaked onto mMRS agar for purity. The final pure culture was cultured in mMRS broth and preserved in 30% glycerol at −80°C. DNA was extracted from each strain using the Rapid Bacterial Genomic DNA Isolation Kit (Sangon Biotech Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China) and stored at −20°C. Each of the putative Bifidobacterium isolates was identified by a 16S rRNA sequence using the bacterial universal primers (27 F: 5ʹ-AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG-3ʹ and 1492 R: 5ʹ-ACGGCTACCTTGTTACGACTT-3ʹ) by BGI (Shenzhen, China). All the strains were compared with the NCBI BLAST database (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/BLAST/) to assign a particular species.
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9

Genome Editing and Sequencing of S. aureus

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Genomes of four edited S. aureus RN4220 strains were extracted using the Rapid Bacterial Genomic DNA Isolation Kit (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China). The isolated genomes were used as templates for PCR-amplification of ∼200 bp DNA fragments containing the edited sites. The barcode sequences were included on the 5′ terminus of the forward primers. Purified DNA products were sent out for sequencing using the Illumina Hiseq X Ten (2 × 150) platform at GENEWIZ (Suzhou, China). Fifty thousand reads per sample were analyzed. The experiments were performed in triplicate. The wild-type S. aureus RN4220 strain was performed following the same process as control.
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10

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Edited S. aureus

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Genomes of the wild-type and two edited S. aureus RN4220 strains were extracted using the Rapid Bacterial Genomic DNA Isolation Kit (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China) and sent out for whole-genome sequencing by the BGISEQ PE150 platform at Beijing Genomics Institute. The paired-end fragment libraries were sequenced according to the Illumina HiSeq 4000 system's protocol. Raw reads of low quality from paired-end sequencing were discarded. The assembly scaffolds were aligned with reference sequence (GCA_000212435.2) for detection of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP).
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