Glucose (Duksan Pure Chemicals Co., Seoul, South Korea) was used as carbon source. A mixture of yeast extract (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Sparks, Unitesd States) and peptone (Becton, Dickinson, Sparks, United States) were used as nitrogen sources. The following chemicals were used without further purification: acetic acid (Duksan Pure Chemicals Co., Seoul, South Korea), sodium acetate (Sigma, Saint Louis, MO, United States), hydrogen peroxide (Duksan Pure Chemicals Co., South Korea), aniline (Junsei Chemical Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan), KHCF (Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, United Kingdom), AOT (Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Tokyo, Japan). Laccase (EC 1.10.3.2.) from Myceliophthora thermophila was obtained from Novozymes (Bagsvaerd, Denmark). Citric acid monohydrate (Sigma, Saint Louis, MO, United States), sodium phosphate dibasic dehydrate (Riedel-de Haën, Seelze, Germany), and CMC (Sigma, Saint Louis, MO, United States).
Acetic acid
Manufactured by Duksan Pure Chemicals
Sourced in United States
Acetic acid is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound with the formula CH3COOH. It is a common laboratory reagent used in various chemical analysis and synthesis procedures.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sodium acetate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Citric acid monohydrate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Yeast extract, by BD (3 mentions)
Peptone, by BD (3 mentions)
Hydrogen peroxide, by Duksan Pure Chemicals (3 mentions)
Sodium phosphate dibasic dehydrate, by Honeywell (3 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Duksan Pure Chemicals (2 mentions)
Iodine, by Duksan Pure Chemicals (2 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by Duksan Pure Chemicals (2 mentions)
Chloroform, by Duksan Pure Chemicals (2 mentions)
Ethanol, by Duksan Pure Chemicals (2 mentions)
Aniline, by Junsei (1 mentions)
Penicillin streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Chitosan from shrimp shell, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methylthiazolyldiphenyl tetrazolium bromide mtt solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methyl alcohol, by Duksan Pure Chemicals (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Duksan Pure Chemicals (1 mentions)
1 hydroxybenzotriazole hbt, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Gallic acid standard, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Hplc grade acetonitrile, by Avantor (1 mentions)
13 protocols using acetic acid
1
Enzymatic Laccase Catalysis for Oxidative Reactions
2
Antimicrobial Chitosan-Based Formulations
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Chitosan from shrimp shells (75–85% degree of deacetylation and 1747.5 g/mol of molecular weight), 3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium chloride (CHPTAC) solution, and methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) solution were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Acetic acid, sodium carbonate, methyl alcohol, sodium hydroxide, and iodine were purchased from Duksan Pure Chemicals Co., Ltd. (Ansan, Gyeonggi-do, Korea).
Tryptic soy broth (TSB), tryptic soy agar (TSA), yeast malt broth (YMB), and yeast malt agar (YMA) were purchased from KisanBio Co., Ltd. (Seoul, Korea). Potato dextrose broth (PDB), potato dextrose agar (PDA), and peptone water were gained from Difco (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD, USA). YM 3M Petri film was purchased from 3M Corporation (St. Paul, MN, USA). Test microbial strains, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 13565, enterotoxin A), Escherichia coli O157: H7 (ATCC 11234), Candida albicans (ATCC 18804), and Aspergillus flavus (ATCC 22546), were obtained from the Korean Culture Center of Microorganisms (KCCM, Seoul, Korea). Human keratinocyte HaCaT cells were provided by Dr S.J. Kim (CHA University, Seoul, Korea). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 1% penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from Gibco (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).
Tryptic soy broth (TSB), tryptic soy agar (TSA), yeast malt broth (YMB), and yeast malt agar (YMA) were purchased from KisanBio Co., Ltd. (Seoul, Korea). Potato dextrose broth (PDB), potato dextrose agar (PDA), and peptone water were gained from Difco (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD, USA). YM 3M Petri film was purchased from 3M Corporation (St. Paul, MN, USA). Test microbial strains, Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 13565, enterotoxin A), Escherichia coli O157: H7 (ATCC 11234), Candida albicans (ATCC 18804), and Aspergillus flavus (ATCC 22546), were obtained from the Korean Culture Center of Microorganisms (KCCM, Seoul, Korea). Human keratinocyte HaCaT cells were provided by Dr S.J. Kim (CHA University, Seoul, Korea). Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), and 1% penicillin/streptomycin were purchased from Gibco (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA).
3
Evaluating Nucleic Acid Extraction from FFPE and MFPE Tissues
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We selected 30 FFPE-fixed tissue samples from 2003 to 2011 and 15 methacarn-fixed paraffin-embedded (MFPE) tissue samples from 2009 to 2011 from the Department of Pathology at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital. All samples were from surgical resections of gastric or colorectal cancer. We used 10% neutral buffered formaldehyde (formalin; Samchun Chemicals, Pyeongtaek, Korea). The methacarn solution consisted of 60% methanol (Duksan Pure Chemicals, Ansan, Korea), 30% chloroform (Duksan Pure Chemicals), and 10% acetic acid (Duksan Pure Chemicals).
To investigate the effects of decalcification on the quantity and quality of nucleic acids, five samples of gastrointestinal cancer tissue were treated with decalcification solution for 0, 10, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. To evaluate the effects of duration of fixation, we fixed the tissue in formalin for 3, 7, 30, 90, and 180 days at room temperature. In order to compare the influence of formalin, we fixed the tissue in formalin for one day and then stored them in 70% ethanol at 4℃ for 2, 6, 29, 89, and 179 days.
To investigate the effects of decalcification on the quantity and quality of nucleic acids, five samples of gastrointestinal cancer tissue were treated with decalcification solution for 0, 10, 30, 60, 120, and 180 minutes. To evaluate the effects of duration of fixation, we fixed the tissue in formalin for 3, 7, 30, 90, and 180 days at room temperature. In order to compare the influence of formalin, we fixed the tissue in formalin for one day and then stored them in 70% ethanol at 4℃ for 2, 6, 29, 89, and 179 days.
4
Bacterial Cellulose Production and Modification
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Commercially available bacterial cellulose (BC) gel (tea fungus, GetKombucha.com, Culver, CA, USA), was used to produce BC samples. Glucose (Duksan Pure Chemicals Co., Seoul, Korea) was used as carbon source. A mixture of yeast extract (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Sparks, USA) and peptone (Becton, Dickinson and company, Sparks, USA) were used as nitrogen sources. The following chemicals were used without further purification: acetic acid (Duksan Pure Chemicals Co., Seoul, Korea), sodium acetate (Sigma, Saint Louis, USA), hydrogen peroxide (Duksan Pure Chemicals., Korea), aniline (Junsei Chemicals Co., Tokyo, Japan), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole–HBT (Sigma, Saint Louis, USA). Laccase (EC 1.10.3.2.) from Myceliophthora thermophila was applied at pH 4 (0.1 M acetate buffer). Citric acid monohydrate (Sigma, Saint Louis, USA), sodium phosphate dibasic dehydrate (Riedel-de Haën, Seelze, Germany).
5
Copper(II) Ternary Complex Synthesis
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Fmoc-protected amino acids and Wang resin were purchased from Advanced ChemTech (Louisville, KY, USA). All of the studied peptides were synthesized according to procedures described in the literature. 52 All solvents were of HPLC grade; menthol, water, and acetic acid were purchased from Duksan Pure Chemicals (Ansan-City, Gyungkido, Korea), Tedia (Fairfield, OH, USA), and VWR International (Poole, England), respectively. Copper(II)-containing ternary complexes were prepared by mixing copper(II) perchlorate hexahydrate with the crown ether either 1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclododecane (12-crown-4) or 1,4,7,10,13,16-hexaoxacyclooctadecane (18-crown-6) in a water/methanol solution (1:1).
6
Extraction and Analysis of Sesame Seed
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The SS used in this study were acquired from a local market (Yoo Lim Oil Manufacture, Seoul, Korea), which were collected and imported from China during 2014 and 2015. They were stored in sacks before usage at a room temperature of 24 ± 2°C (mean ± range). HPLC-grade acetonitrile, n-hexane, water, and mEthanol were purchased from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ). BaP standard was from WAKO (Osaka, Japan). Ethanol, ethyl ether, potassium hydroxide, chloroform, iodine, acetic acid, potassium iodide, sodium thiosulfate, starch indicator, and sodium carbonate, were from DUKSAN (Ansan, Korea). Thymolphthalein was from DAEJUNG (Siheung, Korea). Bromine was from SAMCHUN (Pyeongtaek, Korea). Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, and gallic acid standard were from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Sesamol standard was from Chengdu Biopurify Phytochemicals Ltd (Chengdu, China). Sesamolin standard was from ChemFaces (Wuhan, China).
7
Bacterial Cellulose Production with Glucose and Enzymatic Modification
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For the production of bacterial cellulose (BC), glucose (Duksan Pure Chemicals Co., Seoul, Korea) was used as carbon source and a mixture of yeast extract (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Sparks, USA) and peptone (Becton, Dickinson and company, Sparks, USA) were used as nitrogen sources. The following chemicals were used without further purification: acetic acid (Duksan Pure Chemicals Co., Seoul, Korea), sodium acetate (Sigma, Saint Louis, USA), hydrogen peroxide (Duksan Pure Chemicals., Korea), aniline (Junsei Chemicals Co., Tokyo, Japan), potassium hexacyanoferrate (II) (Fisher Scientific, Loughborough, UK), Bis(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate sodium salt (Tokyo chemical industry Co., Tokyo, Japan). Citric acid monohydrate (Sigma, Saint Louis, USA), sodium phosphate dibasic dehydrate (Riedelde Haën, Seelze, Germany). Laccase (EC 1.10.3.2.) from Myceliophthora thermophila (MtL) was supplied by Novozymes (Denmark).
8
Melanogenesis Regulation in Zebrafish
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High-purity nitrogen gas was purchased from Shinyang Oxygen Co. (Seoul, South Korea). High-performance liquid chromatography-grade acetonitrile and acetic acid were purchased from Duksan Pure Chemicals Co. (Ansan, South Korea). 1-phenyl-2-thiourea (PTU) was purchased from Sigma (ST Louis, MO, USA) for the zebrafish study. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM; SH30243.01), fetal bovine serum (FBS; SH30396.03), and penicillin-streptomysin solution (SV30010) were purchased from Hyclone Laboratories Inc. (Logan, UT, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; D2650), kojic acid (K-3125), l -dopa (37830), and synthetic melanin (M-8631) were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). All chemicals and reagents were of analytical grade.
The protease inhibitor cocktail Complete™ was purchased from Roche (Mannheim, Germany). Protein assay reagent (#500-0006) was purchased from Bio-Rad (Richmond, CA, USA). Tyrosinase (M-19, sc-7834), TRP-1 (M-19, sc-10448), TRP-2 (D-18, sc-10451), β-actin (I-19, sc-1616) antibodies, and commercially available secondary antibody were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA).
The protease inhibitor cocktail Complete™ was purchased from Roche (Mannheim, Germany). Protein assay reagent (#500-0006) was purchased from Bio-Rad (Richmond, CA, USA). Tyrosinase (M-19, sc-7834), TRP-1 (M-19, sc-10448), TRP-2 (D-18, sc-10451), β-actin (I-19, sc-1616) antibodies, and commercially available secondary antibody were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA).
9
Plant Hormone Analysis via HPLC
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Acetonitrile, methanol, and water of HPLC grade were obtained from Fisher Scientific Korea Ltd. (Korea). Extrapure grades of isopropanol, acetic acid, and formic acid were obtained from Duksan Pure Chemicals (Korea). Additionally, (±)-abscisic acid (ABA), (±)-jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (USA), while zeatin (ZA) and brassinolide (BR) were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (USA).
10
Quantifying Spinal Cord Demyelination and Sparing
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Transverse spinal cord sections were used to determine the extent of demyelination. Myelin sheath was visualized by luxol fast blue (LFB) staining, consisting of luxol fast blue 1.0 mg (Sigma-Aldrich), 95% alcohol 100 mL (Merck), 10% acetic acid 5.0 mL (Duksan, Seoul, Korea). Tissue sections were immersed for overnight at 60 °C. The sections were then washed with distilled water, followed by differentiation in 0.05% lithium carbonate (Sigma-Aldrich). Tissue sections were then counterstained with eosin and mounted. Serial longitudinal sections of the spinal cord were cut into 14 μm sections and examined by H&E staining. Volumes of transverse or longitudinal sectioned areas were measured using Image J (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The individual sub-volumes were obtained by multiplying the sectioned areas between sections, and the sub-volumes were summed to generate the total volume of cavities or spared white matter.
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