Fluoranthene, phenanthrene, naphthalene, and silica gel (70‐230 mesh ASTM) were obtained from Merck. Fluorene and pyrene from Hopkin Williams LTD, whereas acenaphthalene, benzopyrene, and anthracene were bought from BDH. HPLC grade solvents, like n‐hexane, dichloromethane, and acetonitrile, were purchased from Samchun. Potassium hydroxide was bought from Scharlau while methanol and anhydrous sodium sulfate from Daejung. Rabbit meat was bought from the local market of Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Potassium hydroxide
Manufactured by Scharlab
Sourced in Spain
Potassium hydroxide is a chemical compound consisting of potassium and hydroxide ions. It is a white, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water. Potassium hydroxide is commonly used in various industrial and laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Anthracene, by BD (2 mentions)
Chloroform, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Phenanthrene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Naphthalene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Fluoranthene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Silica gel 70 230 mesh astm, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Daejung Chemicals (1 mentions)
N hexane, by Samchun (1 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Acetic acid, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Anhydrous sodium sulfate, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Sodium sulfide nonahydrate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N hexane, by Scharlab (1 mentions)
Hplc grade acetonitrile, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Silica gel 60, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Absolute ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 6 dibromohexane, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium carbonate, by BD (1 mentions)
2 hydroxybenzaldehyde, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
8 protocols using potassium hydroxide
1
Extraction and Characterization of PAHs from Rabbit Meat
2
Formulation of Mucoadhesive Vaginal Gel
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Sodium chloride (0.35% w/v) (Quimivita, Barcelona, Spain), potassium hydroxide (0.14% w/v), calcium hydroxide (0.02% w/v), acetic acid (0.1% w/v) (Scharlab, S.L., Sentmenat, Spain), bovine serum albumin 0.002% (w/v) (Merck Life Science, S.L.U., Madrid, Spain), lactic acid (0.2% w/v) (Escuder, S.L., Rubi, Spain), glycerol 0.02% (w/v) (Caila & Pares, S.A., Barcelona, Spain), urea (0.04% w/v) (Quality Chemicals, S.L., Esparraguera, Spain) and glucose (0.5% w/v) (Quimidroga, S.A., Barcelona, Spain) were used to prepare simulated vaginal fluid (SVF) [26 (link)].
Mucoadhesive gels were produced with polyethylene glycol (PEG-90M) (Colorcon Limited, Kent, UK) and carrageenan (DuPont, Wilmington, DE, USA); benzylic alcohol (Scharlab, S.L., Sentmenat, Spain) was chosen as a preservative; and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) (Pracofar, Martorelles, Spain) was used as an active solubilizing agent. D (Farchemia S.r.l., Treviglio, Italy) was the active pharmaceutical ingredient, and the selected solvent was water purified in-house. Sodium fluorescein (Scharlau, Barcelona, Spain) was used in the mucoadhesive study as a marker.
Mucoadhesive gels were produced with polyethylene glycol (PEG-90M) (Colorcon Limited, Kent, UK) and carrageenan (DuPont, Wilmington, DE, USA); benzylic alcohol (Scharlab, S.L., Sentmenat, Spain) was chosen as a preservative; and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPCD) (Pracofar, Martorelles, Spain) was used as an active solubilizing agent. D (Farchemia S.r.l., Treviglio, Italy) was the active pharmaceutical ingredient, and the selected solvent was water purified in-house. Sodium fluorescein (Scharlau, Barcelona, Spain) was used in the mucoadhesive study as a marker.
3
Extraction and Analysis of PAHs in Rabbit Meat
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For the preparation of food samples, potassium hydroxide, dichloromethane, methanol, anhydrous sodium sulfate, n‐hexane were purchased from Scharlau, while sodium sulfide nonahydrate and HPLC grade acetonitrile were from Sigma‐Aldrich. PAH standards: naphthalene, fluoranthene, and phenanthrene from Fluka, fluorene from Alfa Aesar, pyrene from Hopkins Williams LTD, and anthracene from BDH. Silica gel 60 with 70–230 mesh size was obtained from Merck. The rabbit for sample preparation was purchased from the supermarket of Faisalabad, Pakistan. The 36 samples of meat (foreleg, back, and hind leg) were prepared by frying.
4
Synthesis and Characterization of Dyes
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All reagents used were of analytical reagent grade stated. Brilliant Green (BG) (C27H33N2HO4S, M.wt = 482.65 g/mol) and Malachite Green (MG) (C23H25ClN2, M.wt = 365.0 g/mol) were purchased from Fluka. Safranin (SA) (C20H19N4Cl, M.wt = 350.84 g/mol) and Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3, ≥ 99.5%, M.wt = 105.99 g/mol) were purchased from BDH. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH, 97%, M.wt = 40.0 g/mol), potassium hydroxide (KOH, 85–100.5%, M.wt = 56.11 g/mol) were purchased from Scharlau. Hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%, M.wt = 36.45 g/mol) was purchased from Merck. 1,3-dichloropropane (98%, M.wt = 128.98 g/mol) was purchased from Riedel-De Haen AG. Absolute Ethanol (C2H5OH, M.wt = 46.07 g/mol), Methanol (CH3OH, M.wt = 32.04 g/mol), 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (C7H6O2, 98%, M.wt = 122.123 g/mol), 2-hydroxy acetophenone (C8H8O2, 99%, M.wt = 136.15 g/mol), and 1,6-dibromohexane (C₆H₁₂Br₂, 96%, M.wt = 243.96 g/mol) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
5
Characterization of Rye Flour Phytosterol Formulation
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Commercial wholemeal rye flour was obtained from HARINERA LA META S.A. (part of La Meta Group, the Vall Companys Group’s flour division, Barcelona, Spain). An ingredient source of PS contained microencapsulated free PS (purity 74.7%, w/w) from tall oil (Lypophytol ME dispersible palm-free), and a blank ingredient without PS containing only the excipients used for the microencapsulation were provided by Lipofoods (Barcelona, Spain). L-ascorbic acid (purity ≥ 99.0%, w/w) and Celite were purchased from Merck LifeScience S.L.U. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Amyloglucosidase (Aspergillus niger) was obtained from Megazyme Inc. (Megazyme Ltd., Bray, Co. Wicklow, Ireland). Absolute ethanol (≥99.8%, v/v) was obtained from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Diethyl ether (≥99.5%, v/v), and potassium hydroxide and petroleum ether (boiling range 40–60 °C) were supplied by Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain). Water was purified (resistivity 18.2 MΩ × cm) using a Milli-Q system (Milford, MA, USA). For the assays of enzymatic activity and bile salt content and for the simulated gastrointestinal digestion, reagents were prepared according to Makran et al. [21 (link)].
6
Preparation of Calibration Standards for Elemental Analysis
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Five organic calibration standards of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 µg g -1 were prepared from mono elemental stock solution (CONOSTAN, SCP Science, Baie D'Urfé, Canada) containing 500 µg g -1 of As and Se and 100 µg g -1 of Hg. The solvent used in these calibration standards was petroleum ether and the blank calibration standard was also prepared using this solvent. HCl solution was prepared by an appropriate dilution of an ultra-pure acid (32 % (w w -1 ), Merck Pro Analysis, Darmstadt, Germany) in distilled deionized water (18 MΩ cm resistivity). Immediately prior to the analysis, a solution of sodium borohydride (Scharlau, Barcelona, Spain) in 0.1 % potassium hydroxide (Scharlau) was prepared in distilled deionized water.
7
Analysis of Phytosterols and Triacylglycerols
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-sitosterol (100 g/mL in chloroform, analytical standard) and triolein (Glyceryl trioleate, 61%) were obtained from Supelco (PA and WI, US). Chlorotrimethylsilane (TMCS) (GC Grade) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Damstadt, Germany)chloroform (GPR Rectapur) and n-hexane (HPLC Grade) were obtained from VWR (Fotenay-sous-Bois, France). 5α-cholestane (99.57%, GC Grade) and pyrogallol (HPLC) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Jerusalem, Israel and Dorset, UK). n-hexane (99%, GC grade) was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Israel). Sodium chloride (ACS grade) was obtained from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). -sitosterol (75.8% -sitosterol, 10.3% beta-sitostanol, 7.7%
campesterol), pyridine (extra dry, 99.5%) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) (98%, reagent plus) were obtained from Acros Organics (France, Geel, Belgium and Germany).
Hydrochloric acid (37%) and diethyl ether were obtained from Carlo Erba (Rodano, Italy and Val-de-Reuil, France). Potassium hydroxide (90%, flakes, pure) and ethanol (absolute) were obtained from Scharlau (Sentmenat, Spain). 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, Hydroxytyrosol 4-β-d-Glucoside, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid and 3,4dihydroxyphenylglycol were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Deisenhofer, Germany).
Tyrosol was obtained from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein and apigenin were obtained from Extrasynthese (Lyon Nord, Geney, France).
campesterol), pyridine (extra dry, 99.5%) and hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) (98%, reagent plus) were obtained from Acros Organics (France, Geel, Belgium and Germany).
Hydrochloric acid (37%) and diethyl ether were obtained from Carlo Erba (Rodano, Italy and Val-de-Reuil, France). Potassium hydroxide (90%, flakes, pure) and ethanol (absolute) were obtained from Scharlau (Sentmenat, Spain). 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, Hydroxytyrosol 4-β-d-Glucoside, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid and 3,4dihydroxyphenylglycol were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Deisenhofer, Germany).
Tyrosol was obtained from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Hydroxytyrosol, oleuropein and apigenin were obtained from Extrasynthese (Lyon Nord, Geney, France).
8
Synthesis and Characterization of Silica-Based Nanocomposites
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N-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTABr), sodium hydroxide, triethanolamine (TEAH3), tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), (3-Aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES), trimethylamine, paraformaldehyde, diethyl ether, chloroform, n-butanone, dimethyl sulfoxide, carvacrol, eugenol and thymol were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (Madrid, Spain). Vanillin was purchased from Ventós (Barcelona, Spain). Acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid, magnesium sulfate, potassium hydroxide, sulfuric acid and microbiological media grade were provided by Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain). Fumed silica (FS) nanoparticles (AEROSIL® 200) were purchased from Evonik Industries (Essen, Germany) and amorphous silica (AS) microparticles (SYLYSIA® SY350/FCP) were provided by Silysiamont (Milano, Italy).
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