N n n n tetrakis 2 pyridylmethyl ethane 1 2 diamine tpen

Pertussis toxin (PTX, 200 ng/mL; Sigma), an ADP ribosylating agent, was used to specifically inactivate G_i/o class G proteins. WU‐07047 (20 μmol/L; Washington University) was used to inhibit G_q class G proteins. Thapsigargin (1 μmol/L; Tocris Biosciences) was used to block sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca²⁺ uptake via SERCA pump. Ryanodine (10 μmol/L; Tocris Biosciences) was used to target Ryanodine receptors (RyRs). N,N,N′,N′‐tetrakis(2‐pyridylmethyl)ethane‐1,2‐diamine (TPEN, 50 μmol/L; Sigma) was used to sequester Ca²⁺ in intracellular stores. Ionomycin (5 μmol/L) was used to stimulate Ca²⁺ release from internal stores.

¹⁴C-oleic acid was obtained from Perkin Elmer Life Sciences Inc. (Boston, USA). Scintillation cocktail (Ultima Gold) was obtained from Packard Bioscience Co. (Meriden, USA). Alcian blue, 6-O-palmitoyl-L-ascorbic acid (AP), Escherichia coli [lyophilized cells of strain W (ATCC9637)], fatty acids, n-acetyl glucosamine (NAG), p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde (p-DMAB), pentobarbital sodium salt, silymarin (SLN), and N,N,N',N'-tetrakis (2-pyridylmethyl) ethane-1,2-diamine (TPEN) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Saint Louis, USA). Hyaluronic acid was purchased from Across Organics (New Jersey, USA). BSA, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol (HPLC grade), and water (HPLC grade), were purchased from Sisco Research Laboratories (Mumbai, India). All other chemicals and reagents used in this study were of analytical grade and were procured from local firms (Mysore, India).