Lncap

Human prostate adenocarcinoma cell lines LNCaP, PC3, and 22Rv1 were purchased from the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (ECACC) (Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA) and DU-145 from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). Cells were cultured in RPMI (LNCaP, PC3, 22Rv1) or Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) (DU-145) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal bovine serum (FBS), 2 mM L-glutamine, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, 10 mM 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid buffer (HEPES) together with 50 U/mL penicillin and 50 μg/mL streptomycin (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc, Waltham, MA, USA), in a humidified atmosphere of 5% CO₂ at 37 °C. To avoid any possible involvement of serum components, the cells were treated without antibiotics and serum.
Stock solution of deoxynivalenol (DON) (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA) was prepared in ethanol. The cells were treated with ethanol at the highest concentrations used in the study and no statistically significant decrease in viability was observed. The final concentrations of DON were achieved by adding culture medium. Cells were treated with DON for 24 h. Non-treated cells were used as controls.

The human prostate cancer cell lines PC-3 and LNCap were purchased from the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures (ECACC, Salisbury, United Kingdom). PC-3 is a cell line established from bone metastasis of grade IV prostatic adenocarcinoma from a 62-year-old male Caucasian and cells were cultured in Ham’s F-12 K (Kaighn’s) medium (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Germany). LNCap is a cell line isolated from metastasis at the left supraclavicular lymph node of a 50-year-old patient with a confirmed diagnosis of metastatic prostate carcinoma and cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Germany). All cell culture media were supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS, Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Dreieich, Germany), 100 U/mL penicillin, and 100 mg/mL streptomycin (Biochrom GmbH, Berlin, Germany) and all cultures were maintained at 37°C with 5% (v/v) CO₂ in humidified air. Cell culture mediums were changed every 2–3 days. For sub-cultivation and experiments, cells were routinely washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) without Ca⁺, Mg⁺, and phenol red (Biozym Scientific GmbH, Germany) and detached using trypsin/EDTA (Biozym Scientific GmbH, Germany). Cells were routinely tested for mycoplasma.