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8 protocols using ab229381

1

Cytokine detection in spinal cord

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A 1 cm nitrocellulose membrane strip was spotted with spinal cord homogenates (30 µg protein), dried, blocked (5% BSA/TBS-T, 1 h, RT) and incubated (30 min, RT) with the following antibodies: anti-IL-1β (1:1000), anti-TNF-α (1:1000), anti-IL6 (1:500, ab229381, abcam) or anti-β actin (1:2500, A5441, Sigma). Then washed 3x (TBST-T) and incubated with HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (1:2000, 30 min, RT)50 (link). BSA and recombinant cytokines were used as negative and positive controls, respectively. Signals were developed (ECL, Thermo Fisher, 34577) and read (iBright FL1500 Imaging System). Integrated density was measured using FIJI.
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2

Vaginal Tissue Protein Expression Analysis

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The vaginal tissues were lysed and homogenized in RIPA buffer with phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) and quantified with a BCA kit (Keygen Biotech, KGP902, China). The protein samples (30 μg/lane) were separated using SDS-PAGE (Beyotim, P0012A, China) and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (PVDF) (Merck, IPVH00010, United States) after electrophoresis. The membranes were blocked with 5% skimmed milk for 3 h, followed by incubation with TNF-α (1:1,000, Abcam, ab205587, United States), IL-1β (1:1,000, Abcam, ab234437, United States), IL-6 (1:1,000, Abcam, ab229381, United States), Dectin-1 (1:1,000, Abcam, ab140039, United States), Syk (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, 13198T, United States), PLCγ-2 (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, 3872T, United States), CARD9 (1:500, Affinity, DF8387, China), NF-κB (1:1,000, Cell Signaling Technology, 8242T, USA) and β-actin (1:2,000, Affinity, AF7018, China) antibodies overnight at 4°C. Then, the membranes were incubated with an HRP-conjugated antibody (1:5,000, Affinity, S0001, China) at room temperature for 1 h. The membranes were visualized with a chemiluminescence (ECL) kit by a Tanon 5200 system (Shanghai, China). ImageJ software (Version 1.52a) was used to measure the protein bands based on that of β-actin.
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3

Comprehensive Western Blot Antibody Panel

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Western blot was performed as described previously [28 (link)]. The primary antibodies were as follows: anti-IGFBP1 (ab180948, Abcam), anti-Rev-erbα (sc-393215, Santa Cruze), anti-β-Actin (ab179467, Abcam), anti-β-Tubulin (ab179513, Abcam), anti-PR (human, 8757, Cell Signaling Technology), anti-C/EBPβ (ab32358, Abcam); anti-IL-6 (human, ab233706, Abcam), anti-IL-6R (human, ab222101, Abcam), anti-PR (mouse, ab133526, Abcam), anti-IL-6 (mouse, ab229381, Abcam), anti-IL-6R (mouse, ab300581, Abcam), anti-Wnt4 (sc-376279, Santa Cruze). β-Tubulin and β-Actin were used as internal standards.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Granzyme B and IL-6

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Twenty micrograms of protein from heart homogenate were separated on 15% (wt/vol) polyacrylamide denaturing gels and electroblotted onto polyvinylidene fluoride membranes. The semiquantitative analysis (AlphaView Software 3.3, Cell Biosciences, Santa Clara, CA) results were expressed as the optical volume density (OD × mm2) normalized to β-actin (1:5,000, Servicebio, Wuhan, China). The antibodies used were goat anti-granzyme B (1:500, BAF1865, R&D, Minneapolis, MN) and rabbit anti-IL-6 (1:1,000, ab229381, Abcam, Cambridge, UK). The details are described in our previous study (13 (link)).
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5

Quantifying Neuroinflammatory Markers in Mouse Brain

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Proteins from the Vc brainstem area were extracted at 21 days from all mice, as per previously described procedures [59 (link)]. The samples were loaded on precast 8% or 12% SDS-PAGE gels using approximately 20 μg protein in each lane. Membranes were blocked with 5% BSA in tris-buffered saline (TBS) for 1 h at room temperature and incubated overnight at 4 °C with a primary antibody: goat anti-Iba-1 (1:2000; #ab5076; Abcam), mouse anti-GFAP (1:2000; #3670; CST), rabbit anti-TNF-α (1:2000; ab9739; Abcam), rabbit anti-IL-1β (1:2000; ab9722; Abcam) and rabbit anti IL-6 (1:20,000; ab229381; Abcam) signals were normalized to β-actin (1:10,000; GTX629630) as an internal control. The film signals were digitally scanned and quantified using FUSION FX software.
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6

Exploring Necroptosis Pathways in Liver and Intestinal Tissues

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The liver and intestinal tissues were dissolved in RIPA, PMSF, and protease inhibitors. After homogenization, the protein concentrations were determined using bicinchoninic acid protein assay (Thermo Scientific Inc.). Proteins were separated using SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis system and then blotted onto a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (Invitrogen, USA). Primary anti- RIP3(ab62344, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), anti-MLKL (ab196436, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), anti-TNF-α (ab183218, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), anti-IL-6 (ab229381, Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA), anti-ZO-1 (Abcam, USA), anti-Occludin (Abcam, USA), and anti-GAPDH (CST) antibody were then applied, and anti-GAPDH antibody was employed as the loading control. After incubation with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies, the chemiluminescent signal was detected. Band intensity was determined by image processor program (Image J).
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7

Hippocampal Protein Expression Analysis

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The hippocampal tissue was weighted and washed with pre-cold PBS before lysis in RIPA buffer (no. P0013B, Beyotime, China) containing proteinase and phosphatase inhibitors (Sigma, USA), then homogenized using an ultrasonic crusher. The lysates were centrifuged at 12000rpm and 4 ℃ for 20 min. Bicinchoninic acid (BSA) method was performed to detect the protein concentration. The protein (30 ug) was separated by electrophoresis in 10% SDS-PAGE gels (KayGen Biotech, Co., Ltd), then transferred to polyvinylidene di uoride (PVDF; Bio-Rad Laboratories, USA) membranes. The PVDF membranes were incubated with 5% nonfat milk for 1 h for blocking nonspeci c binding reactions. These primary antibodies were used for incubating membranes overnight at 4°C: TREM2 (13483-1-AP, proteintech,1:1000), CD163(ab182422,abcam,1:1000),IL-1β(ab9722,abcam,1:1000),IL-6(ab229381,abcam,1:1000),actin (bs-0061R, Bioss, 1:20000). On the next day, the membranes were washed with TBST for three times and then incubated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies for 1 h. Finally, the protein bands were detected using a chemiluminescence kit (ECL; Pierce, Illinois, USA) and analyzed via ImageJ.
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8

Comprehensive Protein Detection Protocol

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Primary antibodies include anti-Bach2 (Abcam, ab83364, ab243148; Santa Cruz, sc-14704), anti-Bach1 (Santa Cruz, sc-14700), anti-Nrf2 (Abcam, ab62352), anti-HO-1 (Enzo, ADI-SPA-896-D), anti-p21 (Abcam, ab109520), anti-p16 (Santa Cruz, sc-166760), anti-Lamin B1 (Santa Cruz, sc-6217), anti-Lamin A/C (Santa Cruz, sc-6215), anti-Atg3 (CST, 3415), anti-Atg5 (CST, 12994), anti-Atg7 (CST, 8558), anti-Beclin-1 (CST, 3495), anti-LC3A/B (CST, 12741), and anti-p62 (CST, 88588), anti-MMP3 (Abcam, ab52915), anti-MMP9 (Abcam, ab228402), anti-IL-6 (Abcam, ab229381), anti-CXCR2 (Abcam, ab65968), anti-Ub (Abcam, ab134953).
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