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Toluene

Manufactured by Nanjing Chemical Reagent
Sourced in China

Toluene is an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent with the chemical formula C7H8. It is a clear, colorless liquid with a distinctive benzene-like odor. Toluene has a wide range of industrial applications, including use as a chemical intermediate, a solvent in paints, inks, adhesives, and cleaning agents, and as a component in gasoline.

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4 protocols using toluene

1

Functionalization of MCM-41 with APTMS

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Quantitatively calcined MCM-41 (all-silicon, Nankai University Catalyst Factory) was suspended in 30 mL of toluene (>99.5%, Nanjing Chemical Reagent Co., LTD) in a round-bottomed flask, into which 0.6 mL of (3-aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (APTMS; >97%, Aladdin Reagent (Shanghai) Co., LTD) was cautiously added dropwise. After refluxing for 8 h, the resulting mixed solution was centrifuged to separate the target product from the solvent. The target product was then filtrated carefully first with ethanol and then distilled water; finally, it was dried at room temperature for 12 h.
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2

Hygroscopic Salts and Polymers for Filtration

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The hygroscopic salts including LiCl, CaCl2, MgCl2, FeCl3, AlCl3, the terpilenol, PVA (Mw ~67,000), glutaraldehyde (50%wt in DI water), permutit (Mw ~218) and montmorillonite were purchased from Aladdin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd.. The glass microfibre membranes were purchased from GE Healthcare Life Sciences Co., Ltd. The nanofibrillated cellulose was purchased from Zhongshan nanofiber material Co., Ltd. The ethylcellulose was purchased from Shanghai Titan Scientific Co., Ltd. The toluene and hydrochloric acid were purchased from Nanjing Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd.
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3

Coconut Palm Petiole Powder Preparation

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Coconut palm petiole woody powder,provided byHainan Kunlun New Material Science & Technology Co.,Ltd.as source of cellulose in this study was cleaned with water, air dried, broken to the size of 2–3 mm × 6–7 mm with a L-905 shredder, grinded into powders with a FZ102 miniature plants grinder (TAISITE instrument Co., Tianjin), and sieved under 100 mesh (Zhang Xing Sand Screen Factory, Zhejiang province).Chemical composition of the coconut palm petiole powder was preliminarily investigated as showing in Table 1 [18 ]. Ethanol,toluene, hydrochloric acid, acidified sodium chlorite and sodium hydroxide pellets were purchased from Nanjing Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. and all reagents were analytical grade.
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4

Characterization of Aromatic Compounds and Graphene Derivatives

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The aromatic compounds used in this study included benzene (99.5%; Shanghai Lingfeng Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd., China), naphthalene (99%; Sigma-Aldrich), phenanthrene (98%; Sigma-Aldrich), 1-naphthylamine (98%; Sigma-Aldrich), 2-naphthol (99%; Sigma-Aldrich), chlorobenzene (99.0%; Shanghai Lingfeng Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd.), o-dichlorobenzene (99%; J&K Chemical, China), m-dichlorobenzene (97%; Sigma-Aldrich), p-dichlorobenzene (99.5%; Fluka, Switzerland), 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene (99.0%; Fluka), 1,3,5-trichlorobenzene (99%; Supelco, USA), p-chlorophenol (99%; Alfa Aesar, USA), p-chloroaniline (98%; Nanjing Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd., China), toluene (99.5%; Nanjing Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd), o-xylene (98.0%; Supelco), m-xylene (99.5%; Sigma-Aldrich), p-xylene (99.5%; Sigma-Aldrich), 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (97%; Macklin, China), nitrobenzene (99.5%; Fluka), m-dinitrobenzene (97%; Sigma-Aldrich), and 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene (99.9%; Sigma-Aldrich). GO (99.0%) and RGO (98.9%) were purchased from XFNANO Materials Tech (China). GO was prepared by the modified Hammers method (18 (link), 23 ) and was mainly in the form of nanosheets with a diameter of 0.5 to 5 μm and thickness of 0.8 to 1.2 nm (according to the information provided by the manufacturer). RGO was prepared by the reduction of GO using l-ascorbic acid (48 ). All these materials were used without further purification.
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