Desmoglein

Fisetin (>98% pure), PD98059 and β-actin antibody were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) was purchased from MP Biologicals (Solon, OH). Three-dimensional skin equivalents of A375 melanoma cells (MLNM-FT-A375) were obtained from MatTek Corporation (Ashland, MA). The monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies for MEK1/2, phospho-MEK1/2 (Ser²¹⁷/Ser²²¹), ERK1/2 (phospho-p44/42, Thr²⁰²/Tyr²⁰⁴), E-cadherin, N-cadherin, vimentin and snail were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA). Monoclonal antibodies for NFκB p50, NFκB p65, IKKα, IκBα, phospho-IκBα, fibronectin and desmoglein were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA). Anti-mouse, anti-goat and anti-rabbit secondary antibodies horseradish peroxidase conjugate were obtained from Millipore Corporation (Billerica, MA). Alexa Flour 488 or 594 labeled anti-mouse, anti-goat and anti-rabbit secondary antibodies were obtained from Life Technologies Corporation (Grand Island, NY).

All reagents were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) unless stated otherwise. NS1643 was from Alamo Laboratories Inc. (San Antonio, TX, USA). Calpeptin was purchased from Tocris Bioscience (Minneapolis, MN, USA). PTP1B inhibitor was from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Phospho-Y14, total Caveolin-1, β-catenin, and caspase-3 antibodies were from BD Biosciences (San Jose, CA, USA). Phospho-Y416, Y527, and total Src were from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). PTP1B, desmoplakin, desmoglein, and plakophilin monoclonal Abs, normal mouse IgG, and protein A/G agarose beads were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). DAPI and all fluorescently labeled secondary antibodies were purchased from Molecular Probes (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Active β-catenin monoclonal antibody was purchased from MilliporeSigma (Burlington, MA, USA). HRP-conjugated goat-anti-mouse and goat-anti-rabbit secondary antibodies were from KPL (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). Lipofectamine 2000, ECL Super Signal kit, and Crosslink magnetic IP/Co-IP kit were from ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).