Econazole nitrate

The NIH Clinical Collections 1&2 (NIHCC 1&2, Evotec, San Francisco, CA) contain 727 compounds dissolved in 100% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at a concentration of 10 mM. Miconazole nitrate was obtained from Certa NV (Eigenbrakel, Belgium), meropenem from Astrazeneca (Zoetermeer, The Netherlands), econazole nitrate, ketoconazole, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin sulfate from Sigma (Bornem, Belgium), oxiconazole nitrate from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Heidelberg, Germany), and tobramycin from TCI chemicals (Tokyo, Japan). Azoles were dissolved in 100% DMSO (Sigma) and subsequently diluted in MilliQ water (MQ) (Millipore, Billerica, MA) for MIC determination, in physiological saline (PS, 0.9% w/v NaCl) for the checkerboard tests, for the tests with biofilms formed in 96-well microtiter plates (MTPs) and for the G. mellonella assay, or in GTSF-2 medium for the 3D organotypic human cell culture model [15 (link)]. Antibiotic stocks were made in MQ water or PS. All antibiotic solutions were filter sterilized (0.22 μm, Whatman, Dassel, Germany) and immediately used.

We purchased econazole nitrate, duloxetine hydrochloride, doxapram hydrochloride monohydrate, clemastine fumarate salt, sertaconazole nitrate, isavuconazole, rupintrivir, and zopiclone from Sigma-Aldrich; pimavanserin, trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride, reboxetine mesylate, sertindole, bepridil hydrochloride, darunavir, nelfinavir mesylate, indinavir sulfate, lopinavir, tipranavir, saquinavir, pirenzepine hydrochloride, oxiconazole nitrate, pimozide, and rimonabant from Cayman Chemicals; ebastine and itraconazole from Alfa Aesar; metixene hydrochloride hydrate and lemborexant from MedChemExpress; fexofenadine hydrochloride from TCI Chemicals; ketoconazole from Acros Organics; clotiapine from Enzo Life Sciences; and oxyphencyclimine from Boc Sciences. We acquired Sub3 with the sequence as DABCYL−Lys−Thr−Ser−Ala−Val−Leu−Gln−Ser−Gly−Phe−Arg−Lys−Met−Glu−EDANS from Bachem Inc. DABCYL is the abbreviated form of 4-(dimethylaminoazo)benzene-4-carboxylic acid and EDANS is the abbreviated form of 5-((2-Aminoethyl)amino)naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid.

2′-hydroxypropyl-α-cyclodextrin and 2′-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin and Econazole nitrate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company Ltd. (Poole, UK). HPLC-grade methanol and water, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) tablets were purchased from Fisher Scientific UK Ltd. (Loughborough, UK). Acuvue TruEye^® daily disposable contact lenses (Johnson and Johnson, Ireland, UK) were provided by Cardiff University Eye Clinic (Cardiff, UK). Porcine eyeballs were supplied by a local abattoir having been enucleated immediately post-mortem.