The materials used were phloroglucinol 99% (Sigma Aldrich), pluronic F127 (Sigma Aldrich), ethanol 97% (Merck), HCl 37% (J.T Baker), formaldehyde 37% (Merck), nickel (II) nitrate (Merck), cobalt (II) nitrate (Merck), diphenylacetylene 98% (Sigma Aldrich), sodium borohydride powder ≥ 98% (Sigma Aldrich), methanol 99% (Merck), cis-stilbene 96% (Sigma Aldrich), N2 gas, H2 gas, and deionized water.
Nickel 2 nitrate
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany
Nickel (II) nitrate is a chemical compound with the formula Ni(NO3)2. It is a green crystalline solid that is soluble in water and various organic solvents. Nickel (II) nitrate is commonly used as a catalyst, oxidizing agent, and in the production of other nickel compounds.
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Lab products found in correlation
Cobalt 2 nitrate, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Sodium hydroxide (naoh), by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Lead 2 nitrate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Zinc 2 nitrate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Iron 3 nitrate, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Diphenylacetylene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium borohydride powder, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Cis stilbene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Pluronic f 127, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Phloroglucinol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Formaldehyde, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium silicate solution, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Sodium aluminate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Terephthalic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Amoxicillin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
1 propanol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Titanium 4 n butoxide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
8 protocols using nickel 2 nitrate
1
Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticles
2
Photocatalytic Degradation Experiments
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Sodium silicate solution (Na2O(SiO2)x·xH2O, reagent grade), sodium aluminate (NaAlO2), sodium hydroxide (NaOH, ≥98%), 1-propanol (CH₃CH₂CH₂OH, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%), tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) (CH3(CH2)13N(Br)(CH3)3, for synthesis) and amoxicillin (C16H19N3O5S, 95.0–102.0% anhydrous basis), used for the photocatalytic reactions, and terephthalic acid (98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Burlington, MA, USA). Titanium (IV) n-butoxide (Ti(OCH2CH2CH2CH3)4, reagent grade, 97%) was from ACROS Organics (Geel, Belgium). Nickel (II) nitrate ((Ni(NO3)2·6H2O) and cobalt (II) nitrate ((Co(NO3)2·6H2O) were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Potassium iodide (KI) ethanol (C2H5OH) and p-benzoquinone (C6H4O2), used as scavengers, were purchased from Merck.
3
Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Doxorubicin-Loaded NiO Nanoparticles
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Cressa nudicaulis plant was obtained from Khorasan Razavi, Iran. Doxorubicin (98%) was purchased from Rasta Imen Daroo Organization, and the newly prepared stock solutions were kept at 5 °C. Nickel(ii) nitrate (99.99%), HCl (37%), and NaOH (≥98%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and used without any additional refinement. All of the experiments used water that had been twice refined. Dulbecco's Adjusted Falcon's Medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and (5,4-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-5,2-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (≥97.5%) were used to test the cytotoxicity by MTT assay. The infrared spectra were recorded using a PerkinElmer FT-IR spectrophotometer between 400 and 4000 cm−1. The morphology of the samples was assessed utilizing a ZEISS Organization Sigma VP, Field Emanation Examining Electron Magnifying instrument (FESEM) combined with energy-dispersive spectroscope (EDS). An X'pert Expert diffractometer (PANalytical) was utilized to perform X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) utilizing a monochromatized CuK radiation (λ = 1.54056 Å). UV-Vis spectra were accomplished utilizing a Shimadzu UV-2550. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was supplied on an Agilent 1260 Boundlessness instrument equipped with Wartz XTerraRP18 chromatographic columns with a length of 150 mm and inner diameter of 4.60 mm to determine the content of doxepin-loaded NiO NPs.
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Cressa nudicaulis plant was obtained from Khorasan Razavi, Iran. Doxorubicin (98%) was purchased from Rasta Imen Daroo Organization, and the newly prepared stock solutions were kept at 5 °C. Nickel(ii) nitrate (99.99%), HCl (37%), and NaOH (≥98%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich and used without any additional refinement. All of the experiments used water that had been twice refined. Dulbecco's Adjusted Falcon's Medium (DMEM) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) and (5,4-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-5,2-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (≥97.5%) were used to test the cytotoxicity by MTT assay. The infrared spectra were recorded using a PerkinElmer FT-IR spectrophotometer between 400 and 4000 cm−1. The morphology of the samples was assessed utilizing a ZEISS Organization Sigma VP, Field Emanation Examining Electron Magnifying instrument (FESEM) combined with energy-dispersive spectroscope (EDS). An X'pert Expert diffractometer (PANalytical) was utilized to perform X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) utilizing a monochromatized CuK radiation (λ = 1.54056 Å). UV-Vis spectra were accomplished utilizing a Shimadzu UV-2550. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was supplied on an Agilent 1260 Boundlessness instrument equipped with Wartz XTerraRP18 chromatographic columns with a length of 150 mm and inner diameter of 4.60 mm to determine the content of doxepin-loaded NiO NPs.
4
Sugarcane Bagasse Chemical Analysis
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Concentrated hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide pellet, potassium iodate, lead (II) nitrate, nickel (II) nitrate, starch and sodium thiosulphate were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used without further purification. Distilled water was used throughout the reaction. Sugarcane bagasse samples used in this study was collected from sugarcane juice sellers in Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria.
5
Reagent Preparation for Analytical Studies
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Deionized water was used for the preparation and dilution of all solutions. The chemicals applied in this work were all of analytical grade. A Pb(II) stock solution of 1000 mg L−1 was prepared from the nitrate salt and diluted daily for designed experiments. α-Benzoin oxime, iron(III) chloride, phenol, sodium fluoride, sodium phosphate, nickel(II) nitrate, hexahydrate, sodium nitrate, lead(II) nitrate, cobalt(II) nitrate, zinc(II) nitrate, sodium carbonate, potassium chloride, magnesium nitrate hexahydrate, calcium chloride, sodium sulfate, and iron(II) nitrate were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sodium hydroxide, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and hydrogen peroxide were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
6
Multifunctional Aptamer-Based Sensing Platform
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Gold(iii ) chloride hydrate, human serum type AB (male), silver nitrate, NaBH4, thallium(i ) chloride, cesium(i ) chloride, rubidium(i ) chloride, sodium chloride, magnesium(ii ) chloride, iron(iii ) nitrate, potassium(i ) chloride, lead(ii ) nitrate, silver(i ) nitrate, lithium(i ) chloride, nickel(ii ) nitrate, streptavidin, PDDA (15%), zinc(ii ) nitrate and mercury(ii ) nitrate cadmium chloride(ii ) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Canada. Phosphoramidites dmf-dG-CE, dT-CE, dA-CE, Ac-dC-CE and biotin modifier were purchased from Glen Research, USA. ACN, TEAA, and anhydrous acetonitrile were purchased from BDH, VWR, Canada. Sample and absorption pad (CFSP223000) obtained from Millipore Co, Bedford, MA. Pullulan bought from Polysciences, Warrigton, PA. NC membrane was purchased from Sartorius Stedim Biotech, Germany and conjugate pad was purchased from Ahlstrom Munksjo, Finland. The aptamers used in this study were reported in the literature7,37,38 and the aptamers were included in the ESI Table S1.†
7
Synthesis of Nickel-Yttrium Nanocomposite
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The chemicals used to prepare the precursor solution for the USP synthesis were nickel (II) nitrate (Sigma-Aldrich, Darmstadt, Germany) and yttrium (III) nitrate (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). The carrier (N2) and reduction (H2) gasses used were 99.999% pure (Messer, Ruše, Slovenia). During the synthesis process, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (Sigma-Aldrich, Shanghai, China) with an average molar mass of 40,000 g/mol was used to stabilise the nanocomposite particles, and commercially available PLA Ingeo™ Biopolymer 3251D (NatureWorks LLC, Minneapolis, MN, USA) was used as the matrix.
8
Preparation of Metal Standard Solutions
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Hexaammineruthenium(III) chloride, lead, cadmium and bismuth standards for ICP, iron(III) nitrate, copper(II) nitrate, cobalt(II) nitrate, nickel(II) nitrate and zinc(II) nitrate were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich. Bismuth(III) nitrate as well as acetic acid, sodium acetate and citric acid and were purchased from Merck. Carbon sensor paste (C10903P14) was purchased from Gwent Electronics. Adhesive copper tape was acquired from EMS (Electron Microscopy Sciences). All chemicals were of analytical grade. Solutions were prepared by using ultrapure water employing a Milli-Q Millipore water purification system. Heavy metal solutions were prepared daily by an appropriate dilution of standards in 0.1 M acetate buffer.
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