A description of the MRI, 18 F-AV45 and 18 F-AV1451 data acquisition for the thirty-three controls from the ADNI database is available on the ADNI website (http://www.adni-info.org/Scientists/ADNIStudyProcedures.aspx). Only the 18 F-AV1451 scans for these individuals were used in the correlation and group analyses, as these individuals had different amyloid PET scans from our cohort ( 18 F-florbetapir scans were used in the ADNI controls, and 18 F-flutemetamol used in our centre). 18 F-flutemetamol 18 F-flutemetamol was manufactured by GE Healthcare, Amersham, UK, and scans were performed at Imperial College Clinical Imaging Facility using a Siemens Biograph 6 scanner with a 15cm field of view. A mean dose of 183.4(±5.3) MBq 18 F-flutemetamol in 8ml saline was injected followed by a 5-10ml saline flush. Data was acquired in 3D list mode from 90 to 120 minutes following injection and re-binned as 6x5 minute frames. Image reconstruction was performed by filtered back projection with attenuation correction. Post reconstruction 5mm Gaussian smoothing was applied (The zoom was 2.6, the matrix size was 168x168 and the pixel size was 1.56mm x 1.56mm x 1.92mm).
18f flutemetamol
Manufactured by GE Healthcare
Sourced in United Kingdom
[18F]flutemetamol is a radiopharmaceutical agent used in diagnostic imaging procedures. It is a fluorine-18 labeled compound that binds to beta-amyloid deposits in the brain. The core function of [18F]flutemetamol is to enable the visualization and quantification of beta-amyloid pathology through positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.
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6 protocols using 18f flutemetamol
1
18F-flutemetamol PET Imaging Protocol
2
Amyloid PET Imaging Protocol
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Ninety minutes after [18F]flutemetamol (GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA) intravenous injection (target activity 185 ± 5 MBq), a 30-min list-mode PET/CT acquisition was performed using a Philips Gemini TF (Philips Healthcare, Amsterdam, The Netherlands). The images were reconstructed as a dynamic scan of 6 × 5 min frames with 2 mm isometric voxels, including attenuation, scatter, and decay corrections, in addition to time-of-flight information using the manufacturer’s standard reconstruction algorithm. No partial volume correction was applied to the data.
3
PET Imaging of Amyloid and Tau Biomarkers
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18F-Flutemetamol was obtained from General Electric (GE, Risø, Denmark), and the scanning procedures have been described previously [23] (link). In brief, the patients received 196 ± 2 MBq 18F-Flutemetamol via an intravenous injection in the antecubital vein. On a separate day, a subset (n = 5) of the patients received an average of 372 ± 2 MBq 18F-AV-1451. The radiosynthesis of AV-1451 has been described previously [24] (link). The PET data were acquired on a Philips Gemini TF PET-CT scanner as 4 × 5 minute dynamic time frames, 80–100 minutes postinjection.
4
Amyloid PET Imaging Using [18F]Flutemetamol
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All individuals underwent amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using a specific fibrillary amyloid β radiotracer, [18F]flutemetamol, which was produced by General Electric (GE) Healthcare at the Cyclotron Research Centre of the University of Liège (Liège, Belgium). PET scans were performed on a Philips Ingenuity TF PET-MRI. The emission scan was performed in two parts starting with a 30 minute dynamic scan simultaneously with the bolus intravenous injection of 185 MBq [18F]flutemetamol, followed by a 20 minute scan performed 90–110 minutes after the injection. Immediately before these two scans, a T1-weighted gradient echo pulse MRI-scan was obtained for attenuation correction of the PET scan. The dynamic data were analyzed on a voxel-by-voxel level using the basis function approach of the Simplified Reference Tissue Model (SRTM) with cerebellar grey matter as reference tissue to determine amyloid nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) (19 (link),20 (link)). Global amyloid BPND was determined by determining the volume-weighted average BPND of the frontal (superior, middle, and inferior frontal gyrus), parietal (posterior cingulate, superior parietal gyrus, postcentral gyrus, and inferolateral remainder of parietal lobe), and temporal regions (parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, medial temporal lobe, superior, middle, and inferior temporal gyrus) (21 (link)).
5
Amyloid PET Imaging in Mild Cognitive Impairment
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[18F]Flutemetamol was manufactured and supplied by GE Healthcare (Waukesha, WI) and PET scans were performed at the Imperial College Clinical Imaging Facility using a Siemens Biograph 6 PET/CT scanner. [18F]Flutemetamol was injected IV as a single bolus over 20 seconds into an antecubital vein. Mean injected activity was 182.3 (±2.5) MBq. Fifty-two participants (17 HCs and 35 patients with MCI) had [18F]flutemetamol PET scans. Three participants were not available to complete the [18F]flutemetamol PET scans within the window allowed by the study protocol. The data were acquired 90 to 120 minutes post tracer injection using listmode in 3D. After creating an object map as described above, [18F]flutemetamol uptake RATIO images in PET space was created using cerebellar gray matter as reference, and RATIO images were then sampled. To determine whether [18F]flutemetamol uptake was abnormally increased in patients with MCI at the ROI level, we compared individual regional values to the control mean of the predefined regions. We considered a participant to be amyloid positive if the uptake ratio was >2 SD above the HC mean in at least one of our predefined cortical ROIs (frontal, temporal, parietal, and occipital cortices, anterior and posterior cingulate gyri).23 (link)
6
Quantifying Brain Amyloid Deposition with 18F-Flutemetamol
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18F-flutemetamol was manufactured by GE Healthcare, Amersham, UK. Scans were performed at the Imperial College Clinical Imaging Facility with a Siemens Biograph 6 scanner. 183.4(±5.3)MBq 18F-flutemetamol was injected intravenously in 8 ml saline followed by 10 ml saline flush. Data were acquired in 3D-list mode from 90 to 120 min following injection (6 × 5 min frames). Image reconstruction was performed by filtered back projection with attenuation correction and post-reconstruction 5 mm Gaussian smoothing.
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