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57 protocols using mab377

1

Immunostaining Protocol for Neuroinflammation Assessment

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Immunostaining was conducted following established protocols [23 (link)]. Briefly, brain tissues were collected after cardiac perfusion with cold 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA), placed in 4% PFA overnight, and then dehydrated using 30% sucrose/PBS for 4 days. Tissues at distances of − 2.5 to − 5 mm from bregma were selected for serial sections of 25-μm thickness. Sections were incubated overnight with primary antibody, including anti-NeuN (1:200, MAB377, Abcam), anti-cleaved caspase-3 (1:400, #9661, CST), anti-Iba-1 (1:1000, 019–19741, Wako, Japan), anti-Iba-1 (1:500, ab5076, Abcam), anti-CD68 (1:1000, ab125212, Abcam), and anti-CD206 (1:500, AF2535, R&D, USA), and then incubated for 2 h at room temperature with the appropriate fluorescent secondary antibody (Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories). DAPI (Southern Biotech) was utilized for nuclear staining and mounting. Micrographs were taken using a confocal microscope (Olympus, Japan). Three sections per rat were used, and three random fields in the ipsilateral basal cortex were acquired in each section, and the immunopositive cells in the basal cortex were quantified using Image J software [24 (link)].
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2

Immunofluorescence Staining of Brain Sections

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Brain sections were washed with PBS for three times and were blocked with PBS-containing 3% goat serum (Vector Laboratories, #) and 0.1% Triton X-100 for 1 h at room temperature. Sections were incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C and were washed with PBS. The following primary antibodies were used: GFAP (), mouse anti-Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN, Millipore, MAB377), DCX (), and GluA1 (Abcam, ab1232). On the second day, the samples were taken out and washed with PBS for 3 times, 5 min/time, followed by incubation with the secondary antibodies for 1 h at room temperature. Fluorophore-conjugated secondary antibody was used: goat anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 568 (Invitrogen, A11031), goat anti-rat Alexa Fluor 568 (Invitrogen, A11077), goat anti-rabbit Alexa Fluor 488 (Invitrogen, A11008), and goat anti-mouse Alexa Fluor 488 (Invitrogen, A11001). All the sections were observed and images were taken with a confocal microscope (Leica). The images were analyzed with Imarus software.
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3

Immunophenotyping of LHX2+/NeuN- Neurons

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Primary antibodies used for LHX2+/NeuN-based sorts included: Anti-LIM Homeobox 2 LHX2 (EMD Millipore, AB5756, 1:500), anti-NeuN (Millipore Sigma, MAB377, 1:2500), rabbit IgG isotype control (Abcam, ab172730, 1:1000), mouse IgG1 isotype control (Millipore Sigma, MABC002, 1:1250). Primary antibodies were detected with goat anti-rabbit IgG (H&L) secondary antibody conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 (Invitrogen, A11034, 1:4,000) or goat anti-mouse IgG (H&L) secondary antibody conjugated to Alexa Fluor 647 (Invitrogen, A21235, 1:7,000), respectively. Gates were set to collect DAPI+, LHX2+, and NeuN singlet events, and on average, ~88,000 DAPI+/LHX2+/NeuN nuclei were captured per donor (see Table S3 for all LHX2+/NeuNsorting outputs).
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4

Immunohistochemical Staining Protocol

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Primary antibodies used were: rabbit anti-DIP2B (1:2,000; Sigma HPA046133), mouse anti-α tubulin (1:5,000; Abcam ab7291), mouse anti-ace α tubulin (1:5,000; Sigma T7451), chicken anti-LacZ (1:2,000; Aves AB_2313508), mouse anti-tau1 (1:1,000; Abcam ab75714), rabbit anti-CamKII (1:500; Abcam ab52476), mouse anti-GABA (1:500; Sigma A0310), mouse anti-NeuN (1:800; Millipore MAB377), rabbit anti-GFAP (1:500; Abcam ab7260), chicken anti-GFP (1;2,000; Aves AB_2307313), mouse anti-GAPDH (1:5,000; Transgen HC301-01), rabbit anti-GST (1:2,000; CST 2625), mouse anti-His (1:2,000; Abcam ab18184).
Secondary antibodies used were: anti-Mouse IgG-HRP (1:5,000; Santa Cruz Biotechnology sc-2005), Goat-anti-Rabbit IgG-HRP (1:5,000; Invitrogen PI31460), Donkey anti-Mouse Alexa Fluor 488 (1:5,000; Invitrogen A21202), Goat anti-Chicken Alexa Fluor 488 (1:5,000, Invitrogen A11039), Donkey anti-Rabbit Alexa Fluor 546 (1:5,000, Invitrogen A10040), Donkey anti-Mouse Alexa Fluor 546 (1:5,000, Invitrogen A10036).
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5

Histological and Immunohistochemical Analysis of Mouse Brain

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For histological and immunohistochemical analyses, brains from treated mice were fixed in 4% phosphate-buffered formaldehyde, dehydrated in a STP 120 Spin Tissue Processor (Thermo Scientific) and embedded in paraffin. Sections (5μm thickness) were cut and mounted onto glass slides, deparaffinized in xylene and rehydrated in a descending series of alcohols, then rinsed in distilled water and stained. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was carried out according to routine laboratory protocols. For immunohistochemical stainings, enzyme-induced antigen retrieval (for anti-GFAP) using pepsin (1% in 0,01 M HCl) or heat-induced antigen retrieval (all other antibodies) using a 1x target retrieval solution (Dako) was performed. Primary antibodies used were rabbit anti-GFAP (Dako Z0334, 1:1000), rabbit anti-Ki67 (CellMarque, Rocklin, CA, 275R-14, 1:200), mouse anti-NeuN (Merck Millipore, Billerica, Ma, MAB377, 1:200), and rabbit anti-SFRP1 (Abcam, ab4193, 1:200). Secondary antibodies were diluted 1:500 (anti-mouse, VectorLab, BA-2000 or anti-rabbit, VectorLab, BA-1000) and staining was visualized using the avidin-biotin peroxidase system (VectorLab) and freshly prepared diaminobenzidine as chromogen (Dako). Slides were counterstained with haematoxylin, dehydrated and mounted.
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6

Comprehensive Immunostaining Protocol

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Immunofluorescence staining analysis was performed on 40 μm free-floating sections. Primary antibodies, including chicken anti-GFP (Aves Labs, GFP-1020), goat anti-CD206 (R&D Systems, AF2535), rabbit anti-Cleaved Caspase-3 (Cell Signaling, 9661), mouse anti-Caspase-3 (Novus Biologicals, 31A1067), mouse anti-NeuN (Millipore, MAB377), rabbit anti-Tmem119 (Abcam, ab209064), mouse anti-LPL (Abcam, ab21356), rabbit anti-CX3CR1(Abcam, ab8021), rabbit anti-GFAP (Abcam, ab7260), mouse anti-iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) (Abcam, ab49999), and goat anti-Iba1 (Abcam, ab5076), were used. Corresponding secondary antibodies, including 488- and 594-conjugated secondary antibodies, were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific, Alexa Fluor conjugates.
All images were processed with Image J for quantification analysis. The means were calculated from 3 randomly selected microscopic fields in the ipsilateral and contralateral cortex of each section, respectively, and 3 consecutive sections were analyzed for each brain. Data are expressed as mean numbers of cells per square millimeter.
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7

Immunofluorescence Staining of Neural Markers

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Cells were washed with PBS, fixed with 4% (w/v) paraformaldehyde, blocked with 5% (v/v) BSA in PBS for 30 min, and permeabilized with 0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100 in PBS for 5 min or digitonin for 30 min. Primary antibody to NGN2 (Abnova H00063973-M10), NeuN (Millipore MAB377), MAP2 (abcam ab32454) and αSyn (clone 15G7, Enzo Life Sciences ALX-804-258-LC05) was incubated for 1 h and washed with PBS; the secondary antibody conjugated to Alexa Fluor dye was incubated for 1 h, washed with PBS, and visualized by confocal microscopy (Zeiss LSM710).
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8

Lentiviral Delivery of Dominant-Negative IκBα

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Lentiviral IκBα was cloned by inserting cDNA of dominant-negative IκBα in synapsin promoter-driven lentiviral vector as previously described14 (link), and replacement of IκBα by GFP cDNA was used as the matched control. Lentiviruses were generated in HEK293T cells and then purified as previously described14 (link). Brain histology was analyzed using brain sections and immunostaining. Mice under anesthesia were transcardially perfused with 4% PFA and brains were removed, post-fixed in 4% PFA for four hours, and infiltrated with 20% – 30% sucrose. 20 μm-thick brain sections were blocked with serum of appropriate species, penetrated with 0.2% Triton-X 100, treated with primary antibodies including mouse anti-GFAP (Millipore, MAB3402, 1:1000), mouse anti-NeuN (Millipore, MAB377, 1:1000), rabbit anti-TGF-β (Abcam, ab53169, 1:200), and mouse anti-HuR (Santa Cruz, sc5261, 1:500), and subsequently reacted with fluorescent secondary antibodies (Invitrogen, 1:1000). Naïve IgGs of appropriate species were used as negative controls. DAPI staining was used to reveal all cells in the section. Images were taken using a confocal microscope.
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9

Immunocytochemistry and Immunostaining Protocol

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Immunocytochemistry and immunostaining were conducted according to published approaches (Guo et al., 2011 (link), Liu et al., 2010 (link), Liu et al., 2013a (link)). For immunostaining cultured cells, anti-neuron-specific type β-III tubulin (Biolegend, #801202; 1:1,000), anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein (Millipore, MAB377; 1:1,000), anti-BrdU (Abcam, ab6326; 1:2000), and anti-cleaved caspase 3 (Cell Signaling, #9664; 1:200) were used as the primary antibodies. For immunohistochemistry staining, the primary antibodies used were as follows: anti-Ki67 (Thermo Fisher, RM9106; 1:1,000), anti-BrdU (Abcam, ab6326; 1:1,000), and anti-DCX (Cell Signaling, #4604; 1:500). The secondary antibodies conjugated to Alexa Fluor 488 or 594 with a concentration of 1:500 were used at room temperature. To analyze the amount of BrdU+GFP+, or BrdU+DCX+GFP+ cells in the DG, we used one in six series of 40-μm brain sections starting at beginning of hippocampus (relative to bregma, −1.5 mm) to the end of hippocampus (relative to bregma, −3.5 mm). For details, see Supplemental Experimental Procedures.
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10

Immunofluorescence Staining of Nervous System

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The following antibodies were used: GFP (1:500, Life Technologies, A10262 or A11122); Nefh (1:1,000, Aves laboratory, NFH or 1:1,000, Abcam, ab8135); CGRP (1:500, Abcam, ab43873); NeuN (1:500, Millipore, MAB377); PECAM1 (1:100, Abcam, ab28364); PV (1:500, Swant, PV 2); α-bungarotoxin (1:500, Life Technologies, B13423); advillin (1:500, Abcam, ab72210); Tuj1 (1:500, Covance, MMS-435P-250); αSMA–Cy3 (1:200, Sigma, C6198); E-cadherin (1:500, Life Technologies, 13–1900); MUC-1 (1:500, Fisher Scientific, HM1630P0); T1α (1:50, DSHB, 8.1.1); proSP-C (1:300, Millipore, AB3786); ChAT (1:300, Millipore, AB143); Piezo2 (1:1,000)21 (link); IB4-Alexa Fluor568 conjugate (1:200, Life Technologies, I21412).
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