Hot-air drying experiments of tomato peels were carried out in a food dehydrator (Hendi Profi Line, model 229026) at temperatures of 50 °C, 55 °C, 60 °C, 65 °C, 70 °C and 75 °C. For each drying experiment, a weight of 30 g of peels was placed evenly on a drier tray, forming a parallelepiped with around 10 mm thickness, and then they were weighed using an analytical balance (Shimadzu Corporation Berlin, Germany, model AW 220) to determine the initial sample mass subjected to drying. The samples were placed in the dehydrator, where the drying temperature was kept constant. After each 60 min, the sample was weighed, and the peel aspect was monitored. These steps were repeated until the final moisture content of the sample exceeded around 6–7%. Dried tomato peel samples were placed in plastic bags and stored in the freezer at –20 °C until extraction. Each drying experiment was performed in triplicate.
Aw 220
Manufactured by Shimadzu
Sourced in Japan
The AW 220 is an analytical balance produced by Shimadzu. It is a precision weighing instrument designed for laboratory applications.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
7 protocols using aw 220
1
Hot-air Drying of Tomato Peels
2
Solubility and Disintegration of Dental Materials
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Teflon ring molds (n = 10, each group) measuring 1.5 mm thickness and 20 mm internal
diameter were filled with the mixtures. Two glass plates, covered with colorless
cellophane, were placed under and on the mold. The samples were stored for 45 days in
37±1°C and 95±5% relative humidity to set. After the removal of residues or loose
particles, the specimens were placed in a desiccator with silica for 24 h. Then, they
were weighed on a precision scale (Shimadzu AW-220; Shimadzu, São Paulo, SP, Brazil)
and immersed individually in 50 ml of deionized water in closed flasks. Special care
was taken to keep the specimens hung in the water. All specimens were again stored
for 7 days in 37±1°C. After this period, the specimens were again placed in a
desiccator for 24 h and subsequently weighed, in similar conditions as described
above. The solubility and disintegration between the original mass of the specimen
and its final mass were calculated to deduce the percentage of original mass loss of
the specimen. All procedures were in accordance with Vivan, et al.27 (link) (2010). The data obtained was
submitted to Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance level of 5%.
diameter were filled with the mixtures. Two glass plates, covered with colorless
cellophane, were placed under and on the mold. The samples were stored for 45 days in
37±1°C and 95±5% relative humidity to set. After the removal of residues or loose
particles, the specimens were placed in a desiccator with silica for 24 h. Then, they
were weighed on a precision scale (Shimadzu AW-220; Shimadzu, São Paulo, SP, Brazil)
and immersed individually in 50 ml of deionized water in closed flasks. Special care
was taken to keep the specimens hung in the water. All specimens were again stored
for 7 days in 37±1°C. After this period, the specimens were again placed in a
desiccator for 24 h and subsequently weighed, in similar conditions as described
above. The solubility and disintegration between the original mass of the specimen
and its final mass were calculated to deduce the percentage of original mass loss of
the specimen. All procedures were in accordance with Vivan, et al.27 (link) (2010). The data obtained was
submitted to Kruskal-Wallis test at a significance level of 5%.
3
Preparing Deep Eutectic Solvents: Diverse Properties
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
An analytical balance with a precision of 10–4 g was used to prepare deep eutectic solvents (DESs) (AW 220, GR220, Shimadzu, Japan). Acidic DESs based on choline chloride as HBA and citric acid, oxalic acid, malonic acid, and lactic acid as HBDs were made by combining specific molar ratios of HBA: HBD25 (link)–27 (link). The mixtures were stirred at 363.0 K (temperature higher than their melting points) until they were colorless, homogeneous, and clear. The solvents were then dried at room temperature using a vacuum pump. The water content of prepared DESs was determined using the 751GPD Titrino-Metrohm Karl-Fischer titration (method TitroLine KF). Table 2 lists the thermophysical properties of the DESs.
Common properties of DESs used in this work at 298.15 K and 0.0871 MPa
| Name | DES abbreviation | Salt—HBD (Molar ratio) | Water content | Molar mass (g mol−1) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Choline chloride/oxalic acid | ChCl/OA | 1:1 | 0.09% | 114.826 |
| Choline chloride/malonic acid | ChCl/MA | 1:1 | 0.09% | 114.826 |
| Choline chloride/lactic acid | ChCl/LA | 1:2 | 0.07% | 106.594 |
| Choline chloride/citric acid | ChCl/CA | 1:1 | 0.05% | 165.871 |
Standard uncertainty for pressure u(P) = 0.0001 MPa.
4
Molal-Based Density and Speed of Sound
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The solutions
were prepared
using an analytical balance (Shimadzu AW-220) with a precision of
± 1 × 10–4 g in a molal-based concentration.
The density and speed of sound were measured with a digital densitometer
(Anton Paar DSA5000). The instrument was calibrated with air pressure
and distilled water. The frequency for the speed of sound measurement
was 3 MHz.
were prepared
using an analytical balance (Shimadzu AW-220) with a precision of
± 1 × 10–4 g in a molal-based concentration.
The density and speed of sound were measured with a digital densitometer
(Anton Paar DSA5000). The instrument was calibrated with air pressure
and distilled water. The frequency for the speed of sound measurement
was 3 MHz.
5
Glass Dissolution Kinetics in Water
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Each glass sample’s chemical durability was defined from its dissolution rate (DR) in distilled water. The glass samples were pulverized and sieved to particle sizes between 1 and 2 mm. One gram of glass grains was placed in a vial containing 20 mL of distilled water with an initial pH of 6.5 [19 (link)].
To study the release rate of the glasses versus time, several samples were prepared and then suspended in a thermostatic bath maintained at temperature = 25 ± 1 °C for 1 to 35 days. The specimens were taken out at various time points, residual glass samples were filtered from leachate solutions, dried at 90 °C for 10 h, and then weighted using an analytic balance sensitive (±0.1 mg) (Shimadzu AW220).
Their dissolution rates were calculated using the following formula [19 (link)]:
where Wi is the sample’s initial weight, and Wt is the sample’s weight after t days.
pH and ion measurements were carried out at the same time as the weight loss measurement took place, using a pH meter (Adwa-AD8000), and ICP-OES, respectively.
To study the release rate of the glasses versus time, several samples were prepared and then suspended in a thermostatic bath maintained at temperature = 25 ± 1 °C for 1 to 35 days. The specimens were taken out at various time points, residual glass samples were filtered from leachate solutions, dried at 90 °C for 10 h, and then weighted using an analytic balance sensitive (±0.1 mg) (Shimadzu AW220).
Their dissolution rates were calculated using the following formula [19 (link)]:
where Wi is the sample’s initial weight, and Wt is the sample’s weight after t days.
pH and ion measurements were carried out at the same time as the weight loss measurement took place, using a pH meter (Adwa-AD8000), and ICP-OES, respectively.
6
Formulation and Characterization of Experimental Resin Composites
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
A total of six experimental resin composites were formulated (Table 1 ). The organic matrix consisted of (wt.%): Bis-GMA and TEGDMA (70:30%) (Essthec Inc. Essington, PA, USA). The monomers were weighed in an analytical balance (AW 220, Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) and mixed with centrifuge at 1300 rpm for 1 min (SpeedMixer DAG 150FVZ-K, FlackTech Inc., Hauschild, Germany). Camphorquinone (0.5%) and ethyl N, N-dimethyl- 4-aminobenzoato - EDMAB (1.0%) were added and centrifuged at 1300 rpm for 1 min. Finally, 70% of barium borosilicate glass particles with an average size of 0.7 μm (Esstech, Inc., Essington, PA, USA) and ZnO-NP, 40-100 nm (AlfaAesar, Ward Hill, MA, USA), according to the tested concentrations (Figure 1 ), were incorporated, and the composites homogenized at 2400 rpm for 2 min.
All the specimens in the present study were light-cured with a quartz-tungsten-halogen light unit (Optilux 501, Demetron Inc., Danburry, USA) using an irradiance of 650 mW/cm2 for 30 s (radiant exposure = 19.5 J/cm2).
All the specimens in the present study were light-cured with a quartz-tungsten-halogen light unit (Optilux 501, Demetron Inc., Danburry, USA) using an irradiance of 650 mW/cm2 for 30 s (radiant exposure = 19.5 J/cm2).
7
Chemical Durability of Glass Powders
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
To study their chemical durability in distilled water, the prepared glasses were ground using a ball mill (Pulverisette 6, Fritsch, France), then screened through two sieves with a different mesh of 0.1 and 1 mm size. Then, one gramme of glass powder was deposited in a flask containing 20 mL of distilled water. The initial pH of the solution is 6.5. A total of 10 samples for each composition were prepared and placed in a thermostatic bath at temperature = 25 ± 1 to follow the release rate for a varying time from 1 up to a maximum of 35 days.
The samples were taken out at different time points. The solution was then filtered, and its pH determined by a digital pH meter (Adwa-AD8000). An analytical balance sensitive (±0.1 mg) (Shimadzu AW220) was used to weigh the residual glass after drying it at 90 °C for 10 h.
The percentage of weight loss was obtained according to the following equation [18 (link)]:
where Wi and Wt are the initial and final sample weights, respectively.
The samples were taken out at different time points. The solution was then filtered, and its pH determined by a digital pH meter (Adwa-AD8000). An analytical balance sensitive (±0.1 mg) (Shimadzu AW220) was used to weigh the residual glass after drying it at 90 °C for 10 h.
The percentage of weight loss was obtained according to the following equation [18 (link)]:
where Wi and Wt are the initial and final sample weights, respectively.
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!