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7 protocols using a939572

1

Cell Culture and A939572 Compound

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The human bladder cancer cell lines 5637, T24, UMUC3 and J82 were cultured in RPMI‐1640 medium, RT4 cells were cultured in McCoy’s 5A medium and TCCSUP cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM). All culture media were supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum. All cancer cell lines were obtained from the Type Culture Collection of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China) and cultured under humidified air containing 5% CO2 at 37°C. When the cells reached over 80% confluence, they were washed with 1× PBS and trypsinized at 37°C for a specified number of minutes for cell passage cultivation.
A939572 was purchased from MedChem Express. The catalog number is HY‐50709.
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2

Characterization of Colon Cancer Cell Lines

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The human colonic carcinoma cell lines LoVo, CaCo2, SW116, SW480 and HCT-116, and the normal colonic mucosa cell line NCM460 were purchased from the Shanghai Cell Bank, China. All cell lines were cultured in DMEM medium containing 10% FBS, 100 U/ml penicillin and 100 mg/ml streptomycin at 37 °C in a 5% CO2 incubator. A939572 (#HY-50709), T0901317 (#HY-10626) both were purchased from MedChem Express, Shanghai, China.
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3

Temozolomide-Resistant Glioma Cell Lines

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The TMZ-resistant glioma cell lines, T98G-R and U87-R, were derived from the parental cell lines (T98G and U87) by treatment with gradually increasing concentrations of TMZ. Human malignant glioma cell lines T98G, U87, U251, U343, MGR2, and Hs683 were cultured in high-glucose DMEM medium (Glibco, United States), supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (HyClone, United States), 1% penicillin and streptomycin. All cell lines were grown in a humidified incubator at 37°C with 5% CO2.
Temozolomide and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich Corporation Chemicals. A939572 and LY294002 were purchased from MedChem Express. MK2206 was purchased from Selleck Chemicals. All reagents above were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma). For the Akt activation, cells were starved by serum-free medium incubation for 24 h, and then treated with 30 ng/mL EGF for 30 min. The exposed concentrations of TMZ, MK2206, and LY294002 were 200, 5, and 20 μM, respectively.
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4

Signaling Pathway Analysis of Small Molecules

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G-1 (HY-107,216), RSL3 (HY-100,218 A), Erastin (HY-15,763), A939572 (HY-50,709), NSC781406 (HY-100,470), and Fatostatin (HY-14,452) were purchased from Med-Chem-Express. All these reagents were dissolved in DMSO, which was obtained from Servicebio (GC203005). The primary antibodies used in the present study included GPER1 (ABclonal, A10217), SCD1 (ABclonal, A16429), SREBP1 (Servicebio, GB113804), PI3K (ZENBIO, R22768), Phospho-PI3K (Tyr467/Tyr199) (ZENBIO, 310,164), Phospho-mTOR (Ser2448) (ZENBIO, 381,557), AKT (ABmart, T55561), Phospho-AKT (Ser473) (ABmart, T40067), GAPDH (ABclonal, AC033), mTOR (ABmart, T55306), GPX4 (ZENBIO, R381958), and NRF2 (ABmart, T55136). The second antibodies, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) goat anti-rabbit IgG (ABclonal, AS014) and (Servicebio, G1213), HRP goat anti-mouse IgG (ABclonal, AS003) were applied. A dilution ratio of 1:1000 was used in western blotting and 1:100 in immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence analyses.
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5

Inducible Kras-driven Lung Cancer Model

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All mice experiments in this study followed protocols approved by the Vanderbilt University Medical Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees.
Littermates or age-matched mice were randomly allocated to experimental or control groups. To generate the Gif-rtTA;TetO-Cre;KrasG12D (GCK) mice, the Gif-rtTA mice were crossed with TetO-Cre mice and Lox-Stop-Lox (LSL)-KrasG12D mice (no. 006234 and 008179, The Jackson Laboratories). For the induction of Cre-mediated recombination, 6-week-old mice were administered with water containing doxycycline at a concentration of 1 mg/mL for 2 weeks. Mice were humanely killed between 2 to 14 weeks after doxycycline treatment for histologic examination. A939572 (HY-50709; MedChemExpress) was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide as a 100 mg/mL stock. The GCK mice were administered A939572 daily for 2 weeks by intraperitoneal injection (20 mg/kg diluted in corn oil) at 6 weeks after doxycycline treatment.
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6

Knockdown and Overexpression in BRL-3A Hepatocytes

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For LBP and SCD knockdown in BRL-3A hepatocytes, small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting LBP or SCD was designed by Shanghai GenePharma (China). For SCD inhibition, the SCD inhibitor A939572 was purchased from MedChemExpress (China). For C/EBPβ overexpression in the BRL-3A cells, the C/EBPβ overexpression plasmid (pcDNA3.1-C/EBPβ) was purchased from Shanghai GenePharma (China). Cells were transfected using Lipofectamine® 2000 transfection reagent (Invitrogen, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocols. Cells were harvested 48 h after transfection for further experiments.
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7

Regulation of SCD1 in Obesity-Associated Inflammation

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House dust mite (HDM) extract was purchased from Greer laboratories (Lenoir, NC, USA). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for immunoglobulin E (IgE) were purchased from RayBiotech (Norcross, GA, USA). Recombinant human TGF-β1 was purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). The SCD1 inhibitor A939572 and the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 were purchased from MedChemExpress (Shanghai, China). The SREBP1 inhibitor Fatostatin HBr and the mTOR inhibitor Torin1 were purchased from Selleck (Shanghai, China). OA-bovine serum albumin (BSA) was purchased from Sigma‒Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Small interfering RNA targeting SCD1 (siSCD1) and negative control small interfering RNA (siNC) were obtained from GenePharma (Suzhou, China). The siRNA sequence information is listed in Additional file 1: Table S1. The primers used in this study were synthesized by Synbio Technologies (Suzhou, China). Cytosolic, nuclear and membrane proteins were extracted using a Minute™ Plasma Membrane Protein Isolation and Cell Fractionation Kit (Invent Biotechnologies, Beijing, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The antibodies used are listed in Additional file 1: Table S2.
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