Using commercially available software (Lung Volume Measurement, Canon Medical Systems), the mean lung density (MLD) of the scanned lung (<160 mm in the Z-axis) was measured automatically in each frame. On the time curve of MLD, the peak inspiratory frame (= first expiratory frame) was defined as the lowest MLD on the curve. The expiratory phase was defined as the frames starting from the peak inspiratory frame (first expiratory frame), and the MLD values for the first to fifth expiratory frames were obtained for this study.
Lung volume measurement
Manufactured by Canon
The Lung Volume Measurement device is a specialized lab equipment used to measure various lung volumes and capacities, such as tidal volume, vital capacity, and residual volume. It provides accurate and reliable data to support respiratory and pulmonary research and assessment.
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6 protocols using lung volume measurement
1
Lung Density Measurement During Respiration
2
Emphysema Quantification via Helical CT
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Based on the data of the helical CT scans, an emphysema measurement was performed using the same software for the MLD measurement (Lung Volume Measurement, Canon Medical Systems). The percent low attenuation volume (LAV%, < −950 Hounsfield units [HU]) of the whole lung was automatically measured.
3
Quantifying Pulmonary Emphysema via CT
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As an index for the extent of pulmonary emphysema, the low attenuation volume percentage (LAV%) was automatically measured using commercially available software (Lung Volume Measurement, Canon).19 (link) In brief, the software segmented the lung parenchyma (between −500 and −1,024 HU) from the chest wall and the hilum, created a density histogram of the lung parenchyma, and calculated LV and LAV% (<−950 HU).20 (link)–23 (link) LV was measured on both inspiratory and expiratory CT scans and LAV% was measured on inspiratory CT scans only. In each subject, an operator (RO) confirmed that the software properly excluded the trachea and the proximal bronchi from the measured lung field. LV measurements were adjusted by body surface area (BSA) in each subject.24 (link)
4
Lung Volume Measurement Protocol
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Both U-HRCT and conventional HRCT scans (modes) were analyzed by commercially available software (Lung Volume Measurement; Canon Medical Systems).23 (link) The lung volume (LV) of the entire lung and the percentage low attenuation volume (LAV%) on 3 different threshold settings (−950, −960, and −970 Hounsfield units [HUs]) were measured automatically.
5
Lung Density Dynamics in COPD Imaging
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A previous study showed an excellent correlation in the change in mean lung density (MLD) with that in total lung volume (TLV) between inspiratory and expiratory CT.19 (link) Moreover, a systematic review and meta-analysis confirmed that MLD was related to airflow obstruction assessed using FEV1 %predicted and FEV1/FVC, in patients with COPD.20 (link) Therefore, in cases where only part of the TLV is available for dynamic imaging data, as in this study, MLD can be utilized as an alternative parameter instead of TLV, in an attempt to assess the correlation between the movement of a structure of interest and TLV change.
Using commercially available software (Lung Volume Measurement; Canon Medical Systems), MLD was automatically measured in each time frame, and the time curve of MLD on DVCT images was created. On the time curve, the peak expiratory (maximum) MLD (MLDmax), peak inspiratory (minimum) MLD (MLDmin), and change ratio of MLD (MLDCR; defined as the subtracted value of MLD at peak expiration from MLD at peak inspiration divided by NLD at peak inspiration) were obtained.
Using commercially available software (Lung Volume Measurement; Canon Medical Systems), MLD was automatically measured in each time frame, and the time curve of MLD on DVCT images was created. On the time curve, the peak expiratory (maximum) MLD (MLDmax), peak inspiratory (minimum) MLD (MLDmin), and change ratio of MLD (MLDCR; defined as the subtracted value of MLD at peak expiration from MLD at peak inspiration divided by NLD at peak inspiration) were obtained.
6
Dynamic-Ventilation CT Lung Volume Analysis
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Using a commercially available software (Lung Volume Measurement; Canon Medical Systems), the MLD was measured automatically in each frame, and the time curve of the MLD on the dynamic-ventilation CT scans was created. On the time curve, the peak inspiratory (minimum) MLD, peak expiratory (maximum) MLD, ΔMLDEI values (defined as the subtracted value of the peak expiratory MLD from the peak inspiratory MLD divided by the peak inspiratory MLD), and the ΔMLD1.05 values (defined as the subtracted value of the MLD at the third frame [1.05 seconds] after the peak inspiration divided by the peak inspiratory MLD) were obtained (Figure 1 ).
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