To fabricate working electrodes, active materials (Fe1−xS/MoS2 or Fe1−xS), acetylene black and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) at a weight ratio of 7:2:1 were dispersed in deionized water to form a homogeneous slurry. The resultant slurry was coated on the copper foil and then dried at 120° for 12 h in a vacuum oven. In a typical assembly process of CR2032 coin cells, sodium foil was used as the reference and counter electrodes, and glass fibers (GF, Whatman) were used as separators. 1 M NaPF6 was dissolved into a mixed solution of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) (EC/DMC, 1:1/v: v) with 2.5 wt% fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) as electrolyte. The galvanostatic charge/discharge tests were conducted on a battery testing system (Neware) at different densities in a voltage range of 0.01–3.0 V. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) was carried out using an electrochemical workstation (VMP3, Bio-Logic) at different scan rates. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed on the same workstation in a frequency range from 100 kHz to 10 mHz.
Battery testing system
Manufactured by Neware
Sourced in China
The Battery Testing System is a laboratory equipment designed to evaluate the performance and characteristics of batteries. It measures and records battery parameters such as voltage, current, and capacity during charging and discharging cycles. The system provides accurate and reliable data to assist in the development, testing, and quality control of battery products.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Whatman, by Cytiva (5 mentions)
Unilab plus, by MBraun (2 mentions)
Sp 300 potentiostat, by Bio-Logic (1 mentions)
Glass fiber gf d, by Cytiva (1 mentions)
Grade gf d, by Cytiva (1 mentions)
Sp 200, by Bio-Logic (1 mentions)
Versastat 3f, by Ametek (1 mentions)
Reference 3000, by Gamry (1 mentions)
Autolab pgstat302n, by Metrohm (1 mentions)
Autolab m204, by Metrohm (1 mentions)
Grade gf a, by Cytiva (1 mentions)
Vmp3 electrochemical workstation, by Bio-Logic (1 mentions)
Sp 150e, by Bio-Logic (1 mentions)
Chi660e electrochemistry workstation, by Chenhua (1 mentions)
19 protocols using battery testing system
1
Fabrication and Characterization of Fe1-xS/MoS2 Electrodes
2
Electrochemical Characterization of FePS3
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A Biologic SP-300 potentiostat (Biologic, Vaucanson, France) was used for the electrochemical measurements (CV). The cyclic voltametric tests were carried out using an adapter with a two-electrode cell, which was assembled using the FePS3 electrode as the working electrode and lithium metal as both the counter and reference electrodes. The CV was performed with a 0.1 mV/s scan rate. Further, the battery cell assembly was carried out in an Ar-filled glovebox with <0.1 ppm H2O content. Moreover, galvanostatic charge and discharge tests were conducted using a Neware battery-testing system in the voltage range of 0.01 to 3.0 V vs. Li/Li+.
3
Electrochemical Performance of NCNFs Anodes
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The as-prepared sample was examined as an anode material for lithium/sodium ion batteries. The electrochemical performance of NCNFs electrodes were evaluated using a CR2032 coin-type cell assembled in an argon-filled glove box (MBRAUN UNILAB PRO, SP (1800/780)). The homogeneous slurry for the working electrodes was prepared by mixing the as-prepared sample (80%), polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF, 10%), and carbon black (10%) with the addition of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Finally, the slurry was coated on the copper foil, which was further dried in a vacuum oven at 80 °C overnight. The metallic Li and Na were used as the counter electrodes for LIBs and SIBs, respectively. For LIBs, the electrolyte was 1 M LiPF6 in a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) (1 : 1 in volume), and Celgard 2400 polypropylene film was used as the cell separator. For SIBs, the electrolyte was 1 M NaPF6 in ethylene carbonate and diethyl carbonate (EC : DEC = 1 : 1 in volume) and glass fiber (GF/D) from Whatman was used as the separator. The electrochemical performance was tested by a galvanostatic charge/discharge technique on a battery testing system (Neware). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves were performed on a CHI760E electrochemical workstation.
4
Potassium-Ion Battery Electrode Fabrication
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The KIBs used for evaluation were assembled in CR2032 coin cells, with K metal foil as the cathode (acting as the counter/reference electrode in the measurements), our prepared material coated on Cu foil as the anode, a glass microfiber filter (Whatman, Grade GF/D) as the separator, and a solution of 0.8 mol L−1 KPF6 in a mixture of ethylene carbonate (EC) and diethyl carbonate (DEC) (1 : 1 in volume) as the electrolyte. Cell assembly was completed in a pure Ar-filled glove box (Mikrouna, Germany).
The anode was prepared as follows. The as-prepared active material, acetylene black, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in a weight ratio of 70 : 15 : 15, followed by ultra-sonication to obtain a uniform slurry, coating on Cu foil, and drying in a vacuum oven. The areal active material loading was 1 mg cm−2 for the tested electrodes.
Battery performance measurements were carried out on a Neware battery testing system (Shenzhen, China) at room temperature within the voltage range of 0.01–3 V (vs. K/K+). All cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were recorded on an Autolab PGSTAT302N electrochemical station.
The anode was prepared as follows. The as-prepared active material, acetylene black, and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were dispersed in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) in a weight ratio of 70 : 15 : 15, followed by ultra-sonication to obtain a uniform slurry, coating on Cu foil, and drying in a vacuum oven. The areal active material loading was 1 mg cm−2 for the tested electrodes.
Battery performance measurements were carried out on a Neware battery testing system (Shenzhen, China) at room temperature within the voltage range of 0.01–3 V (vs. K/K+). All cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were recorded on an Autolab PGSTAT302N electrochemical station.
5
All-Solid-State Pouch Cell Fabrication
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The all-solid-state pouch cell was fabricated by stacking layers of NCM83/1.6Li2O-TaCl5 cathode, SE separators (Li3YCl6 and 1.6Li2O-TaCl5), and Li-In alloy anode. The membranes of cathode composites and SEs were made by dry-film processing method59 (link), where 0.5 wt% Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) were added to induce the formation of doughs and followed by calendaring to the target thickness (~80 um). The loading of the cathode was 13.125 mg cm−2. Stacking each layers was completed in the Ar-filled glovebox, which was then sealed in plastic vacuum bag for transferring to a dry room for further packing in the aluminum-plastic bag. A pressure of ~10 MPa was applied on the pouch cell during the cycling performance test using Neware battery testing system.
6
Electrochemical Characterization of Zinc Symmetric Cells
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Zn|Zn symmetric cells were assembled in CR2016 configuration. The electrolytes included 2 m ZnSO4, Zn(DBS)2 gel and 0.5 m solution. The stripping/plating cycling was performed by a Neware battery testing system. Galvanostatic mode was applied under current densities of 1 mA cm−2 and 5 mA cm−2, respectively. To study the interface, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was measured on Biologic SP‐200 in a 3‐electrode configuration, with frequency ranging from 1k to 50 M Hz and an AC amplitude of 10 mV. For ex situ study, the cells were disassembled to collect the zinc papers after cycling. The Zn foils were washed by D. I. water repeatedly, soaked in D. I. water, and dried for the further characterizations.
7
Fabrication and Evaluation of S/ZnO@NCNT Composite Cathode
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The cathode was fabricated by mixing 80 wt % as-prepared S/ZnO@NCNT composite, 10 wt % acetylene black and 10 wt % polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The resulting homogeneous slurry was coated on nickel foam and subsequently dried at 75 °C overnight. Metallic lithium foil served as a counter and reference electrode, and micro-porous polypropylene film (Cellgard 2300) was used as a separator. The electrolyte was 1 M lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonamide (LiTFSI) in tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether as a solvent. The CR2025 coin cells assembly was carried out in an argon-filled glovebox (Mikrouna, Shanghai). The charge/discharge cycling performances was investigated using a battery testing system (Neware, Shenzhen) in the potential range of 1–3 V vs Li/Li+.
8
Fabrication and Electrochemical Testing of Composite Electrodes
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Composite electrode were prepared using 90% active material, 5% polyvinylidene fluoride, and 5% acetylene carbon black in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and then cast onto carbon-coated aluminum foil current collectors. The electrodes were dried under vacuum at 120 °C. The electrodes have a loading of ~4.5 mg cm−2. CR2032-type coin cells were assembled in an argon-filled glove box using the electrode as the cathode and Li metal as the anode. The cathode and anode were separated with a glass fiber separator which was soaked with an electrolyte of 1 M LiPF6 dissolved in a 3:7 weight ratio of ethylene carbonate/ethyl methyl carbonate with 2 wt% vinylene carbonate. All the electrochemical testing was performed using a Neware battery testing system. 1C was defined as fully charging the cathode in 1 h, with a specific capacity of 200 mAh g−1.
9
Evaluating Zn-MnO2 Battery Electrochemical Performance
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To evaluate the electrochemical performance of the fabricated Zn-MnO2 battery, the following electrochemical tests were conducted: cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge-discharge test.
The galvanostatic charge-discharge test was conducted using battery testing system (NEWARE) within the voltage range: (0.4–1.9) V for 10 cycles per current density (50, 100, 150, and 200) mA g−1.
The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was conducted using VersaSTAT 3F (AMETEK) within the frequency range: (0.01–100,000) Hz.
The cyclic voltammetry test was conducted using VersaSTAT 3F (AMETEK) within the voltage window of (0.4–1.9) V at a scan rate of 0.005 V/s.
10
Fabrication and Characterization of NMO/CNT Composite Electrode
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To prepare the NMO/CNT composite electrode, the slurry was first prepared by mixing with 80 wt% as-prepared sample, 10 wt% acetylene black, and 10 wt% polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The above slurry was spread uniformly onto a carbon foil current collector and dried at 75 °C for 12 h. The above carbon foil and Zn metal foil were cut into circular disks with 15 mm in diameter as the cathode and anode, respectively. The solution containing 1 M Na2SO4 and 0.5 M ZnSO4 with the pH = 4 was used as the electrolyte, and absorbed glass mat (NSG Corporation) was applied as separator [27 (link), 28 (link)]. 2025 coin-type batteries were assembled in air atmosphere before electrochemical tests. The charge/discharge cycling performance was investigated on a battery testing system (Neware, Shenzhen) in the potential range of 1–1.85 V (vs. Zn2+/Zn). Cyclic voltammetries (CVs) were carried out by the electrochemical workstation (Princeton, VersaSTAT 4) in the potential range of 1–2 V (vs. Zn2+/Zn). The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed by using the electrochemical workstation (Princeton, VersaSTAT 4) in the frequency range of 0.01–100 kHz.
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