Antibodies against p stat1tyr701

Luteolin (≥ 98%, HPLC) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Shanghai, China) and dissolved in DMSO as a stock solution. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for human and mouse IFN-α and IFN-β were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). Antibodies against p-STAT1^Tyr701, STAT1, p-JAK1^{(Tyr1034/1035)}, JAK1, SOCS1, SOCS2, SOCS3, SOCS6, SHP-1, SHP-2 were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Antibodies against CIS and GAPDH were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). A Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody were purchased from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Haimen, China).

Extracellular vesicles or whole cells were lysed by RIPA-Buffer (50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% SDS, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, and 1% NP-40). Immunoblotting was performed as described previously (19 (link)) using the following antibodies: Antibodies against STAT1 p84/p91 (sc-346) was from Santa Cruz. Antibodies against p-STAT1 (Tyr701), p-STAT2 (Tyr689), and β-actin (AC-15) were from Cell Signaling, Millipore, and Sigma-Aldrich, respectively. Antibodies against CD81 (clone JS-81, BD Biosciences), Alix (clone 3A9, BioLegend), CD63 (clone H5C6, BioLegend), and TSG101 (clone C-2, Santa Cruz) were used to characterize EVs. Monoclonal antibody against HCV NS5A (9E10) was provided by Charles Rice, NY, USA.