Sodium phosphate dibasic na2hpo4

Eudragit® S100 was purchased from Evonik Germany. Miglyol 840, a propylene glycol diester of caprylic/capric acid, was obtained from Sasol Germany and used as carrier oil for the continuous phase. Polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) soluble surfactant was purchased from Abitek USA and used to stabilise the water/oil interface. 4-amino-benzoic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid and sodium chloride (Acros Organics, UK) were purchased from Fisher Scientific, UK. The organic acids 4-amino-benzoic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid were used to trigger in situ curing of the droplets in the oil phase. Ethanol and n-hexane were of analytical grade (Fisher Scientific, UK). Ethanol was used to dissolve calcium chloride as the alginate crosslinking agent and n-hexane was used to remove oil from the emulsion respectively. 5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, UK and used to visualize the generated particles. Ultrapure water was obtained from Millipore 185 Milli-Q Plus water filtration system. Sorensen’s buffer 0.2 M was used as a dissolution media for the microparticles and was prepared by mixing sodium phosphate (NaH₂PO₄) (for pH 7, 39 ml and for pH 6, ~88 ml) with sodium phosphate dibasic (Na₂HPO₄) (for pH 7 6, 1 ml and for pH 6, ~12 ml) (Fisher Scientific UK). Low viscosity alginate was purchased from Sigma Aldrich, UK.

Grape juice ACN concentrate and black carrot ACN juice concentrates were obtained by DDW The Color House (Port Washington, WI, USA). Purple corn ACN powder was obtained from Artemis International, Inc. (Fort Wayne, IN, USA). Grass-fed WP isolate (less than 1% Non-GMO sunflower lecithin) was purchased from ProMix Nutrition (Gainesville, FL, USA). The chemicals and reagents (ACS or HPLC grade) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA), including methanol, acetonitrile, citric acid, hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium phosphate dibasic (Na₂HPO₄), potassium chloride and sodium acetate. ACS grade ethyl acetate and formic acid were obtained from Mallinckrodt Chemicals (Bedminster Township, NJ, USA) and Honeywell (Morris Plains, NJ, USA), respectively.

Three ACN-rich sources with different anthocyanin profiles were evaluated in this study. Purple corn ACN powder, rich in cyanidin-3-glucoside with and without malonic acid acylation, was obtained from Artemis International, Inc. (Fort Wayne, IN, USA). Grape juice ACN concentrate, rich in malvidin-3,5-diglucoside with or without coumaric acid, and black carrot ACN juice concentrates, rich in cyanidin-3-tryglycosides acylated with hydroxycinnamic acids, were obtained from DDW, The Color House (Port Washington, WI, USA). Grass-Fed WP isolate (less than 1% non-GMO sunflower lecithin) was purchased from ProMix Nutrition (Gainesville, FL, USA). The purity of WP was about 91%. The chemicals and reagents (ACS or HPLC grade) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA), including methanol, hydrochloric acid (HCl), sodium phosphate dibasic (Na₂HPO₄), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH₂PO₄), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), and sodium acetate. ACS grade ethyl acetate was obtained from Mallinckrodt Chemicals (Bedminster Township, NJ, USA). Anhydrous ethanol 200 PRO was purchased from Decon Laboratories, Inc (King of Prussia, PA, USA).