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37 protocols using be0088

1

Neutrophil Adhesion Dynamics under Flow

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The neutrophils were flown through IBIDI microfluidic channels coated or uncoated with P-selectin (50 μg/ml; R&D Systems, 737-PS), ICAM-1 (R&D Systems, 796-IC), or VCAM-1 (R&D Systems, 643-VM) protein. For some studies, neutrophils were preincubated with anti–PSGL-1 (Bio X Cell, BE0186) or control isotype antibody (Bio X Cell, BE0088) or with coated NPs as indicated before flow studies. The flow rate was set at 14 μl/min or 1 dyn·s/cm2. This is normal shear in large veins. Analysis was performed with ICY image analysis software running on m5.large instance at Amazon Web Services. Statistics and graphing were done in Aable NG.
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2

Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Melanoma

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SCC7-FGL1-sh cells were transplanted into 5-week-old C57BL/6 mice by subcutaneous injection into the right flanks (5 × 105 cells/mouse). Mice were treated weekly with LAG-3 antibody (IP0070, BioXcell, Lebanon, NH, USA) or isotype control (BE0088, BioXcell) starting at the first week after subcutaneous injection (200 μg/mouse/week). Tumor volumes were recorded weekly. After 4 weeks, mice were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and tumors were surgically removed, weighed, photographed, and stored in the formalin at room temperature for histological analysis. Detailed immunohistochemistry methods are described above, and the expression of CD8 and LAG-3 were evaluated.
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3

In vivo VEGFR2 signaling blockade

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To block VEGFR2 signaling in vivo, mice were intraperitoneally injected with small-molecule inhibitors of VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase, a VEGFR2-blocking antibody, or their respective vehicles, 4.5 days following surgery. Blocking agents were (i) apatinib [median inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 1 nM, 60 mg/kg S2221; Selleckchem] in 50% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in phosphate buffer (140 mM NaCl, 9 mM Na2HPO4, 1.3 mM NaH2PO4, pH 7.4) (63 (link), 64 (link)); (ii) cabozantinib (IC50 = 0.035 nM, 30 mg/kg, S1119, Selleckchem) (29 (link)); (iii) ZM323881 HCl (IC50 < 2 nM, 60 mg/kg, S2896, Selleckchem) in 2% DMSO, 30% PEG-300 (Sigma-Aldrich), 5% Tween 80 (Sigma-Aldrich), and 63% ddH2O (30 (link)); and (iv) DC101 (40 mg/kg, BE0060, rat IgG1, Bio X Cell) and nonspecific rat IgG1 control antibody (40 mg/kg, BE0088, Bio X Cell) in PBS (pH 7.0) (31 (link), 51 (link)). Intravital microscopy of the EDL muscle was performed 16 to 18 hours after reagent injection. Thick-section confocal microscopy for quantifying pillars and sprouts after in vivo blockade of VEGFR2 was performed on tissues fixed immediately thereafter, using 400 × 400 μm tiled fields of view, with 16-μm depth.
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4

Antibody-based Immune Cell Analysis

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Anti-IL-10R blocking antibody (BE0050) and isotype IgG1 (BE0088), anti-MHC II antibody (BE0108) were purchased from BioXCell. Fluorescently conjugated antibodies were purchased from Biolegend, eBioscience, and Becton Dickinson. Samples were analyzed using a FACSAria IIu (Becton Dickinson) and data were processed with FlowJo (Treestar).
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5

Anti-IL-6 and Anti-TGF-β Therapy in Mice

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Mice were given 250μg each of anti-IL-6 (MP5-20F3, cat. BE0046, BioXCell) and anti-TGF-β (1D11.16.8, cat. BE0057, BioXCell), or isotype controls IgG1 anti-horseradish peroxidase (HRPN, cat. BE0088, BioXCell) and IgG1 unknown specificity (MOPC-21, cat. BE0083, BioXCell) i.p. starting on day 0 and every other day for 6 weeks.
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6

Murine Colon Cancer Model and IFNγ Inhibition

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MC38 murine colon cancer cells were injected s.c. into the flank region of 6- to 8-week-old mice (5 × 105 cells per mouse). To minimize individual variations, 8 to 10 age- and sex-matched mice in each group were used. The tumor-challenged mice were monitored for tumor size (tumor area indicates tumor size). Mice were killed after 23 days, and tumors were collected, weighed, and examined histologically. Tumor size did not exceed 20 mm in any direction, and tumor volume did not exceed 2000 mm3. Tumor-induced lethality was defined as a tumor size reaching 225 mm2. Anti-mouse-IFNγ (100ug/injection, BE0055, BioXcell) and isotype control (100 μg/injection, BE0088, BioXcell,) antibodies were intraperitoneally injected at day4, day8, day12, and day16.
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7

Nlrp3 Mutant Mice Colitis Model

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Ten-week-old Nlrp3R258W male mice were i.p. administrated with anti-CD25 antibody (BE0012, BioXCell) (n = 6) or isotype control Ab (BE0088, BioXCell) (n = 4) twice at 500 µg/mouse/injection in PBS on day −4 and day −2 (on day 0 start the DSS colitis induction).
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8

Humanized Mouse Models for Cancer Immunotherapy

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All mouse studies were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of Tongji Hospital. The sample sizes were justified by statistical considerations and statistical power analyses. Mice were randomly divided into groups. The assignment was blinding during the experiment and outcome assessment. NCG mice were purchased from GemPharmatech company, NCG mice was knocked out Prkdc (protein kinase, DNA activated, catalytic polypeptide) and Il2rg from NOD/ShiltJGpt mice by gene editing technology, which was a severe immunodeficient mouse strain. For xenograft tumor assays in huPBMC-NCG mouse, 6- to 8-week-old NCG mice were injected with cancer cells (1 × 106). A total of 10 × 106 PBMCs were injected into the tail vein 7 days after cancer cell injection. The tumor volume was measured at the indicated time, and tumor volume was calculated using the formula: V = 0.5 × major axis × minor axis × minor axis. Six- to 8-week-old humanized PD-1 C57BL/6 mice [B6/JGpt-Pdcd1em1Cin(hPDCD1)/Gpt; GemPharmatech] were injected with humanized PD-L1 Lewis cells. Antibodies for IgG (BE0088; BioXcell), CTLA-4 (BE0131; BioXcell), CD8 (BE0223; BioXcell), and PD-L1 (durvalumab; IMFINZI) were intraperitoneally injected at the indicated times (shown in the figures). All mice were euthanized after the experiments. Tumor images were obtained, and the tumor tissues were further analyzed.
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9

Quantifying CD1d Expression in Prostate Cells

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Cell surface protein expression of CD1d in human and mouse prostate cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Cells were first trypsinized, and 500,000 cells were used for staining with antibody against CD1d at 4°C for 20 min, followed by washing and quantitation using a BD LSRFortessa machine, and data were analyzed using FlowJo software (v10.4; https://www.flowjo.com/). Antibodies used were as follows: for human prostate cell lines, APC conjugated anti-human CD1d (BD#563505, clone: CD1d42) and APC-conjugated isotype control (BD#555751); for Myc-CaP cells, anti-mouse CD1d (Bio X Cell #BE0179, clone 20H2) and the isotype control (Bio X Cell #BE0088), and secondary antibody anti-rat IgG conjugated with APC (Invitrogen #A10540).
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10

Modeling Chronic Migraine in Mice

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To model chronic migraine, mice received repetitive i.p. injections of NTG (10 mg/kg and 10 ml/kg in saline with 1% propylene glycol) once every 2 days for 5 or more times as described previously (Guo et al., 2021 (link), Zhang et al., 2020 (link)). The control mice received vehicle (saline with 1% propylene glycol, 10 ml/kg) injections every 2 days. NTG (SDM27, Copperhead Chemical, Tamaqua, PA) was freshly diluted from the stock (10% in propylene glycol, aliquoted in airtight glass vials, stored at room temperature and kept in darkness) with saline for every injection.
To reverse NTG-induced sensitization, mice received i.p. injections of 1 µg IL-2 in 100 µl saline every day for 11 days, starting 1 day after the 2nd NTG injection (Zhang et al., 2020 (link)). The control mice received daily i.p. injections of 100 µl saline. Recombinant mouse IL-2 (carrier-free; Biolegend) was freshly diluted from the stock (0.5–1 mg/ml aliquots at −80 °C) every day.
The neutralizing antibody against IL-10 [200 µg/mouse, BE0049, BioXcell, Labanon, NH (Li et al., 2012 (link))] or control immunoglobulin G (IgG, BioXcell, BE0088) was i.p. injected every 2 days. The neutralizing antibody against all TGFβ isoforms [200 µg/mouse, BioXcell, BE0057, (Littwitz-Salomon et al., 2018 (link))] or control IgG (BioXcell, BE0083) was i.p. injected every 3 days.
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