Tolbutamide

Phenacetin, bupropion, tolbutamide, dextromethorphan, midazolam, chlorzoxazone, and the diazepam (all purity> 98%) that used as internal standards (ISs) were purchased from J&K Scientific Ltd. (Beijing, China). Vonoprazan was purchased from Beijing Sunflower Scientific Ltd. (Beijing, China). Hydroxybupropion and hydroxymidazolam were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, USA). Dextrorphan, hydroxytolbutamide, hydroxychlorzoxazone, and 4-acetamidophenol were purchased from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Canada). Reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) was acquired from Roche Pharmaceuticals Ltd. (Basel, Switzerland). Ultra-pure water was produced by Milli-Q, a reagent-standard water purification system (Millipore, Bedford, USA). Acetonitrile and methanol that of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) grade were obtained from Merck Company (Darmstadt, Germany).

Poziotinib (purity > 98%) was purchased from the Beijing Sunflower and Technology Development Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China). Bupropion hydrochloride (purity > 98%) and phenacetin (purity > 99%) were purchased from TCI Chemicals (Shanghai, China). Tolbutamide (purity > 97.5%) and chlorzoxazone (purity > 98%) were purchased from J&K Chemical Ltd. (Shanghai China). α-Naphthoflavone (purity > 98%), Ticlopidine (purity > 98%), sulfaphenazole (purity > 98%), quinidine (purity > 98%), sodium diethyldithiocarbamatre (purity > 97%), ketoconazole (purity > 99%) were purchased from Aladdin. Midazolam injection was obtained from Nhwa Pharma. Co. (Jiangsu, China) and NADPH from Roche (Mannheim, Germany). The internal standard (IS) of diazepam (purity > 98%) was purchased from the Tianjin KingYork Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Tianjin, China). Chromatographic grade methanol and acetonitrile were purchased from Merck Co. Ltd. (Darmstadt, Germany). Rat liver microsomes (RLMs) were prepared in our laboratory (Zhou et al., 2020 (link)). All other chemicals were of analytical grade or higher.