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The TFK-1 is a piece of laboratory equipment used for cell culture applications. It is a compact and efficient incubator designed to maintain a controlled environment for the growth and maintenance of cell cultures. The TFK-1 provides temperature, humidity, and gas (CO2) regulation to support optimal conditions for cell culture experiments.

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9 protocols using tfk 1

1

Establishment and Culture of BTC Cell Lines

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Human BTC cell lines HuCC-T1 (JCRB0425 [29 ]), HuH-28 (JCRB0426 [30 ]), OCUG-1 (JCRB0191 [31 (link)]), OZ (JCRB1032 [32 (link)]), NOZ (JCRB1033 [33 (link)]), KKU-055 (JCRB1551), KKU-100 (JCRB1568 [34 (link)]), KKU-213 (JCRB1557), and immortalized human cholangiocyte cell line MMNK-1 (JCRB1554 [35 (link)]) were purchased from the Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources Cell Bank (JCRB). Human BTC cell lines EGI-1 (ACC385) and TFK-1 (ACC344 [36 (link)]) were purchased from the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH (DSMZ). All cell lines were cultured in L-glutamine-free Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) containing 4.5 g/l glucose (Catalogue #: 11,960,044, Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Vienna, Austria). Medium was supplemented with 10% foetal bovine serum (FBS; Catalogue #: S-FBS-SA-015, Serana Europe GmbH, Pessin, Germany) and 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin (Catalogue #: P4333, Sigma-Aldrich Handels GmbH, Vienna, Austria). Cells were cultured under standard conditions (37°C, 21% O2, 5% CO2, and 98% humidity).
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2

Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Line Characterization

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BTC cell lines EGi-1 (ACC 385, RRID:CVCL_1193, [30 (link)]) and TFK-1 (ACC 344, RRID:CVCL_2214, [31 (link)]) were purchased from the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures (DSZM; Braunschweig, Germany). BTC cell lines HuCCT-1 (JCRB0425, RRID:CVCL_0324, [32 (link)]), KKU-055 (JCRB1551, RRID:CVCL_M258), KKU-100 (JCRB1568, RRID:CVCL_3996, [33 (link)]), NOZ (JCRB1033, RRID:CVCL_3079, [34 ]), OCUG-1 (JCRB0191, RRID:CVCL_3083, [35 (link)]) and OZ (JCRB1032, RRID:CVCL_3118, [36 (link)]) were purchased from the Japanese Collection of Research Bioresources Cell Bank (JCRB, Osaka, Japan). The non-tumor cholangiocyte cell line MMNK-1 was purchased from JCRB (JCRB1554, RRID:CVCL_M266). Cells were cultured in a cell incubator (37° C, humidified atmosphere, 5% CO2) using high-glucose Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM, Gibco, ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) supplemented with 10% (v/v) fetal bovine serum (FBS, Biochrom, Berlin, Germany), 1% antibiotic–antimycotic (ABAM, Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), 1 mM sodium pyruvate (Pan Biotech, Aidenbach, Germany), and 10 mM HEPES (Pan Biotech). Ouabain was purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany) as powder, dissolved in water into a stock concentration of 10 mM and stored in aliquots at -20°C.
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3

Culturing Human CCA Cell Lines

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The human CCA cell line TFK-1 was purchased from the German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH (Braunschweig, Germany), while the human CCA cell line Huh-28 was purchased from the Japanese Cancer Research Bioresources Bank Cell Bank (Tokyo, Japan). TFK-1 cells were cultured in 90% RPMI-1640 medium (Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.), while Huh-28 cells were cultured in 80% RPMI-1640 medium and 20% FBS. Cell culture was performed in a humidified atmosphere of 95% air and 5% CO2 at 37°C.
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4

Culturing Extrahepatic and Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Lines

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Human cell lines of extrahepatic CC (TFK-1, Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen) and intrahepatic CC (HuCCT1, JCRB0425, JCRB Cell Bank) were used, together with the human immortalized non-malignant intrahepatic cholangiocytes cell line, H69 (23 (link)). CC cells were cultured according to manufacturer's instructions, in RPMI-1640 (R4130 Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum (F7524, Sigma-Aldrich), 1% antibiotic/antimycotic (15240, Gibco®) and sodium pyruvate (11360, Gibco®; Thermo Fisher Scientific) at 400 mM, pH 7.4. H69 cells were cultured as previously described in the study by Hohenester et al (24 (link)). The cells were maintained in a humidified atmosphere, 37°C and 5% CO2 [Heraeus HeraCell 150 CO2 Incubator (BridgePath Scientific)]. Cells at <15 passages were used.
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5

Intrahepatic CCA Cell Line Characterization

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The S100A4-expressing established CCA cell lines, EGI-1 (both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm) and TFK-1 (only in the cytoplasm), both obtained from extrahepatic CCA (9 (link)), were purchased from Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen (DSMZ, Germany). The primary CCA cell line CCA-TV3 was isolated from a human sample derived from surgical resection of an intrahepatic mass-forming CCA, histologically categorized as cholangiocellular carcinoma (grading G3), performed in Treviso Regional Hospital (MM, TS) as described (13 (link)). Local regional ethical committee approval was obtained for tissue collection and cell preparation. Cultured cells were grown in RPMI1680 supplemented with 10% FBS and 1% penicillin at 37°C in a 5% CO2 atmosphere, and then frozen at low passages (<5). After any resuscitation, cell authentication was performed by checking morphology and by evaluating their immunophenotype as characterized by our previous studies (9 (link),13 (link)), including cytokeratin (K)-7, K19, EpCAM (clone HEA125), E-cadherin, β-catenin and S100A4. Following experiments were run in cultured cells with <20 passages. Mycoplasma contamination was excluded using a specific biochemical test (Lonza).
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6

Culturing Human Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma Cell Lines

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Human ICC cell line TFK‐1 was purchased from Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, while another human ICC cell line HuH‐28 was purchased from Japanese Cancer Research Resources Bank—Cell Bank. TFK‐1 cells were cultured in 90% Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI) 1640 Medium (Gibco) and 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS; Gibco) under 95% air 5% CO2 at 37°C, while HuH‐28 cells were cultured in 80% RPMI 1640 Medium (Gibco, USA) and 20% FBS (Gibco) under 95% air 5% CO2 at 37°C.
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7

Established and Primary Biliary Cell Lines

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Three established human CCA cell lines were used: EGI-1, TFK-1 (both eCCA, purchased from Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, DSMZ, Germany), and HuCCT-1 (iCCA, from Health Science Research Resource Bank, HSRRB, Japan), along with primary biliary cell preparations obtained from surgically resected human iCCA liver samples (n = 7), as described [37 (link)]. Human cholangiocytes isolated from liver explants of alcoholic liver cirrhosis (n = 2) served as controls. All specimens were reviewed by the same dedicated pathologist (AF) to confirm diagnosis. Local regional ethical committee approval was obtained for tissue collection and cell preparations.
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8

Cell Line Cultivation for Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

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Extrahepatic CCA cell lines EGI-1 and TFK-1 were purchased from DSMZ (German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany). EGI-1 cells were cultivated in DMEM low glucose (1%) and TFK-1 cells were grown in RPMI 1640 medium, both supplemented with 10% standard fetal calf serum and 1% penicillin/streptomycin. GD variants were cultured in the appropriate medium variant without glutamine. All cells lines were maintained in a humidified tissue culture incubator with 5% CO2.
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9

Cell Culture of CCA Cell Lines

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The human CCA cell lines TFK‐1 (DSMZ, Braunschweig, Germany), QBC939 (Cell Bank of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China) and HuH28 (RIKEN, Saitama, Japan) were cultured in RPMI‐1640 (Invitrogen Corp., USA) supplemented with 10% heat‐inactivated fetal bovine serum (Gibco‐BRL, Carlsbad, California, USA), as recommended by the supplier, at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere under 5% CO2.
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