1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra were recorded with JEOL 400 and 600 MHz FT‐NMR spectrometers (Tokyo, Japan) by using [D6]DMSO or CDCl3 as the solvent. The DS value with respect to the propionate unit in the chlorinated sample was calculated from the 1H NMR spectrum by integrating the signal areas of the proton signals of the cellulose backbone (I3.4–5.5 ppm) and the proton signals of the propionate methyl group (I0.5‐1.3 ppm) as follows [Eq.
The DS value with respect to the azido group was determined from elemental analysis performed with a Micro Order JM10 Organic Elemental Micro Analyzer (J‐Science Lab Co., Ltd., Kyoto, Japan).
FTIR spectra were obtained by using a Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS10 FTIR spectrometer (Waltham, MA, USA) and a GladiATR accessory (Pike Technologies, Madison, WI, USA). An average of 128 scans was taken with a resolution of 2 cm−1.