Mkn 45 cells

MKN-45 cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were purchased from the China Center for Type Culture Collection (Wuhan, China). HGC-27 cells were obtained from the Cell Bank of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Shanghai, China). MKN-45 and HGC-27 cells were maintained in RPMI-1640 medium (Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Thermo Scientific). HUVECs were maintained in complete endothelial cell medium (ECM) (Sciencell Research Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA, USA). Hypoxic conditions: 1% O₂, 94% N₂, 5% CO₂, and 37°C. Normoxic conditions: 95% air, 5% CO₂, and 37°C. siRNAs or overexpression plasmids were transfected into MKN-45 and HGC-27 cells using Lipofectamine 3000 Transfection Reagent (Thermo Scientific).