All 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging was performed using Discovery VCT scanners and Discovery STe scanners (GE Medical Systems, Milwaukee, WI, USA) at Yeungnam University Medical Center and Samsung Medical Center, respectively. PET/CT scans were acquired after a single FDG injection. Patients fasted for 6 hours before the 18F-FDG injection (serum glucose level <140 mg/dL). FDG dose was corrected for body mass index, and approximately 5.5 MBq/kg of FDG was administered intravenously. Uptake of 18F-FDG on PET/CT was visually interpreted as positive or negative by comparing the foci of increased metabolic activity between normal surrounding tissues and tumor tissue (12 (link)).
Discovery ste scanner
Manufactured by GE Healthcare
Sourced in United States
The Discovery STE scanner is a medical imaging system designed for general diagnostic use. It produces high-quality images through the use of advanced scanning technology. The core function of the Discovery STE is to capture and display detailed images of the human body for medical evaluation and diagnosis.
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17 protocols using discovery ste scanner
1
18F-FDG PET/CT Imaging Protocol
2
Evaluating PET Reconstruction Algorithms
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One of the goals of this study was to focus on the effect of common PET reconstruction algorithms on radiomic features, but not to discuss the difference between them. For references on medical image reconstruction, the interested reader is encouraged to read.43 , 44 In addition to ML‐OSEM, the conventional iterative reconstruction (IR) algorithm in GE Discovery STE scanners, we explored the impact of three additional reconstruction settings (Fig. 1 ) on radiomic features: Fourier rebinned FOREIR, FORE‐filtered backprojection reconstruction (FOREFBP), and three‐dimensional reprojection algorithm (3DRP).
3
PET Imaging of [18F]Fallypride Binding
4
Standardized 18F-FDG PET-CT Imaging Protocol
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After fasting for a minimum of 8 h and resting for 10 min in a quiet room, patients received an intravenous dose of approximately 5 MBq/kg of 18F-FDG, followed by a 60-min uptake period. All patients had a serum glucose level less than 120 mg/dL at the time of injection. All 18F-FDG PET-CT examinations were performed on the Discovery STE scanner (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA) or the Biograph Vision scanner (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany). Helical low dose, non-contrast CT images (tube voltage 100 kVp, current intensity 62 mAs, slice thickness 3.75 mm) were obtained for attenuation correction, similar to other groups [18 (link), 19 (link)]. PET images were acquired in three-dimensional mode and reconstructed to 128 × 128 image matrices using an iterative algorithm. Images were sent to our institution’s picture archiving and communications system (Sectra PACS, Sectra Medical, Linkoping, Sweden).
5
PET-CT Imaging of 18FDG Uptake
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All participants received a PET-CT scan before surgical intervention. Following 12 hours’ fasting, 18FDG (3.7 MBq/kg) was given intravenously. Residual radioactivity and actual injected amount were determined using dose measurement system 50 min after radiotracer injection. PET-CT scans were conducted with a Discovery STE scanner (General Electric Medical Systems). A 3-dimensional ordered subset expectation maximization algorithm was used to reconstruct PET images.
6
Evaluating D2/D3 Receptor Binding with [18F]fallypride PET
7
Comparing HER2-Positive and HER2-Negative Brain Metastases
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Mann–Whitney U tests were utilized to compare the SUVmax ratio of HER2-positive lesions and HER2-negative lesions. Mann–Whitney U and Chi-squared tests were utilized to compare the lesion size and location distribution, as well as the ER and PR status, of the HER2-positive and HER2-negative breast cancer brain metastases. Differences with p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. SPSS 27 (IBM Corp, Armonk, NY, USA) was used to perform the statistical analyses. To account for potential clustering effects, the data were also analyzed including only one lesion per patient. To account for potential effects from scanner differences, the data were analyzed including only lesions that were imaged on the GE Discovery STE scanner. To account for potential effects from differences in tumor grade, the data were analyzed including only grade 3 lesions.
8
FDG-PET/CT Imaging Protocol
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Both PETbase and PETIGBT were obtained 45 minutes after injecting FDG (370 MBq) using a Discovery Ste scanner (GE Healthcare, Milwaukee, WI). Prior to each scan, patients fasted for 6 hours before FDG administration with a glucose level of < 200 mg/dL. After a tracer uptake time of 45 minutes, a low-dose, non-contrast, whole-body CT was performed using a continuous spiral technique with a 16-slice helical CT (140 keV, 30–170 mAs with an AutomA mode, section width of 3.75 mm). PET images with a voxel size of 4.29×4.29×4.25 mm were reconstructed using an iterative ordered-subsets expectation-maximization algorithm (28 subsets, two iterations).
9
PET Imaging of D2/D3 Receptors
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PET imaging was performed on a GE Discovery STE scanner located at Vanderbilt University Medical Center (RRID:SCR_014046 ). The scanner had an axial resolution of 4 mm and in-plane resolution of 4.5- to 5.5-mm FWHM at the center of the field of view. [18F]fallypride ((S)-N-[(1-allyl-2-pyrrolidinyl)methyl]-5-(3[18F]fluoropropyl)-2,3-dimethoxybenzamide) was produced in the radiochemistry laboratory attached to the PET unit, following synthesis and quality control procedures described in United States Food and Drug Administration IND 47,245. [18F]fallypride is a substituted benzamide with very high affinity to D2/D3 receptors (Mukherjee et al., 1995 (link)). 3D emission acquisition scans were performed following a 5.0 mCi slow bolus injection of [18F]fallypride (specific activity >3000 Ci/mmol). CT scans were collected for attenuation correction before each of the three emission scans, which together lasted ∼3.5 h, with two 15-min breaks for subject comfort. PET images were reconstructed with decay correction, attenuation correction, scatter correction, and calibration.
10
Phantom Imaging for PET Attenuation Correction
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A 20-cm cylinder (Figure 3B ) was filled with the same epoxy used in the IQ phantom, but without the addition of any radionuclide. This phantom was scanned on a General Electric Discovery LS and a Siemens HR+. Both scanners used positron sources to measure photon absorption at the same energy measured in clinical PET scans, 511 keV. Filtered backprojection was used to generate attenuation images. The phantom was also CT-scanned on the General Electric Discovery STE scanner, and attenuation images resulting from 80-, 100-, 120-, and 140-kVp CT scans were copied from the scanner console and read in MATLAB (MathWorks, Natick, MA).
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