The cladded beads and composites were observed by a digital microscope (VHX-5000, KEYENCE, Osaka, Japan). Microstructural observations of the beads and composites were performed by the FE-SEM at the acceleration voltage of 15 kV. The chemical compositions of the compositionally graded WC/Co-alloy composites were identified by using an SEM energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS: X-MaxN, Oxford Instruments plc, Abingdon, UK). The WC/Co-alloy composites were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) with an X-ray diffractometer (RINT-2500, Rigaku Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) using Cu-Kα radiation under the operation condition for an accelerating voltage of 40 kV and a current of 200 mA. The diffraction angle 2θ was measured from 30° to 120° at a step of 0.01° with a scan speed of 1°/min. Vickers microhardness tests were carried out on the cross-section of the composites with a micro Vickers hardness testing machine (HM-220D, Mitutoyo Corporation, Kawasaki, Japan).
X maxn
Manufactured by Oxford Instruments
Sourced in United Kingdom, Germany, Japan
The X-MaxN is a high-performance energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) detector designed for use in scanning electron microscopes (SEMs) and other analytical instruments. It offers excellent energy resolution, high count rate capability, and reliable performance. The X-MaxN is a core component in the analytical workflow, providing elemental analysis and mapping capabilities.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Auriga, by Zeiss (3 mentions)
Iraffinity 1, by Shimadzu (2 mentions)
K alpha, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions)
S 4800, by Hitachi (2 mentions)
Jem 2100f, by JEOL (2 mentions)
Mira3, by TESCAN (2 mentions)
Lyra3, by TESCAN (2 mentions)
20 mm2 sdd detector, by Oxford Instruments (2 mentions)
Vhx 5000, by Keyence (1 mentions)
Rint 2500, by Rigaku (1 mentions)
Maia3, by TESCAN (1 mentions)
Smartlab se, by Rigaku (1 mentions)
Auriga crossbeam, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Unimax 1010, by Heidolph (1 mentions)
Setsys 16 18, by Setaram (1 mentions)
Jem 2100f, by Oxford Instruments (1 mentions)
Glutaraldehyde, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Crossbeam 340, by Zeiss (1 mentions)
Flex axiom, by Nanosurf (1 mentions)
Zetasizer nano zs system, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
42 protocols using x maxn
1
Characterization of Compositionally Graded WC/Co-Alloy Composites
2
Characterization of Co-sputtered ScSZ Thin Films
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The structural characteristics of the co-sputtered ScSZ films were determined with an X-ray powder diffractometer (SmartLab SE, Rigaku, Tokyo, Japan) with Cu-Kα radiation (λ = 1.5460 Å). The XRD patterns were registered in 2θ geometry (angle of incidence 3°) in the range of 20–80° with a step of 0.03° and a rate of 0.5°/min. The phase analysis was performed using SmartLab Studio II ver. 4.2.44.0, using the Rietveld Refinement method in the 20–70° range. The crystallite size and lattice parameter were calculated using the Comprehensive Analysis module and the Halder–Wagner modeling method. The films’ thickness, surface morphology, and chemical composition were revealed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) MAIA3 (TESCAN, Brno, Czech Republic) equipped with an X-ray energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) X-MaxN (Oxford Instruments, Abingdon, UK). Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) EG3000, CMA2000 (LK Technologies, Maple Heights, OH, USA) was applied in conjunction with argon remote plasma treatment to estimate the surface stoichiometry of the ScSZ films. The specific masses of the deposited films were evaluated via the gravimetric method [46 ] with the analytical balance BM-5 (A&D Company Limited, Tokyo, Japan).
3
Bioactivity Assessment of BaTiO3/BG Scaffolds
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To investigate the bioactivity of BaTiO3/BG composite scaffolds, simulated body fluid (SBF) was produced according to (Kokubo) and ISO 23317 [65 ]. 3D-printed discs with a diameter of d = 5 mm and h = 2 mm height were fabricated with n = 3 samples per group. The samples were placed in SBF according to previously published protocols [55 (link)], and placed on a shaking incubator (Heidolph Unimax 1010, Heidolph Instruments GmbH & CO. KG, Germany) at 37 °C and 90 rpm. SBF was changed every two days. Samples were removed after 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of immersion in SBF. The samples were rinsed with ultrapure water and dried under a fume hood at room temperature (22 °C, RT). Subsequently, the scaffolds were analysed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and SEM/EDS analyses as described elsewhere [55 (link)]. In brief, FTIR (IRAffinity-1S, Shimadzu Europa GmbH) absorbance spectra were recorded for the BaTiO3/BG composite scaffolds before incubation in SBF and after each incubation time point. SEM (Auriga Crossbeam, Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Germany) and EDS (X-MaxN, Oxford Instruments) were used to assess the surface morphology as well as to determine the elemental surface composition of the BaTiO3/BG scaffolds, respectively.
4
Characterization of Hybrid Nanomaterials
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The morphology and elemental analysis of as‐prepared products were characterized by means of TEM (JEOL JEM‐2100F) and EDS (Oxford Instruments X‐MaxN). The phase and structure was identified by PXRD (STOE StadiP) by using MoKα radiation (λ=0.71 Å). The elemental composition was estimated by XPS (Thermo Scientific K‐alpha). The accurate mass ratio of MCO/CNTs in the hybrids was determined by TG (SETARAM Setsys 16/18) after complete burning of the CNTs under an oxidizing atmosphere, air. XPS fitting and analysis of all elements were carried out with CasaXPS software. All of the spectra were calibrated with the C 1s peak at 284.5 eV.
5
Comprehensive Membrane Characterization
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Thickness, ultrastructure, and pore size of the membranes were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The samples were fixed in 6% (v/v) glutaraldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich) and then dehydrated in gradient ethanol solutions followed by HDMS (hexamethyldisilazane, Sigma-Aldrich) for 15 min and subsequently mounted onto aluminum stubs, sputter-coated with platinum using Leica EM ACE600 vacuum coater, and imaged by SEM (Zeiss Crossbeam 340, Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany) with acceleration voltage of 2 kV. We also used Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS, X-maxN, Oxford instruments) with an acceleration voltage of 8 kV to study qualitative elemental and the local distributions of certain elements (Carbon and Nitrogen) in the sample. Focused Ion Beam (FIB)/SEM (Zeiss Crossbeam 340, Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany) and FIB/SEM/EDS were employed to investigate the cross-sectional structures of the membranes at high resolution (30 kV; 700 pA and 1.5 nA). Surface roughness was assessed by an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM, Nanosurf Flex-Axiom) at room temperature. A scanning area of 80 μm was chosen. Scan rates of 0.5–0.15 Hz were used during mapping with 512 points per scan.
6
Characterization of Activated Carbon Nanofibers
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CNF, ACNF, and ACNF-Zwi were oven-dried overnight at 60 °C. The dried samples were attached to sample supports with double-sided adhesive carbon tape and sputter-coated with a thin layer (~8 nm) of Pt/Pd under an inert atmosphere using a Cressington 208 HR. The samples were then analyzed by ultra-high-resolution field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) using a Hitachi S-4800 operating at 5 kV. The elemental composition of each sample was then determined with an X-MaxN from Oxford Instruments. All samples were analyzed at three different regions. For ACNF and ACNF-Zwi, the average weight percent (wt. %) and standard deviation were calculated through the data obtained from these three different areas.
7
Characterization of Dispersed 7CZ Nanomedicines
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The dispersed 7CZ nanomedicines dispersion was dropped onto the copper grid covered with carbon film, dried at room temperature and analyzed by TEM and STEM at 200 kV (JEM-2100f, JEOL, Japan). EDS analysis was performed with a single drift detector (X-MaxN, Oxford Instruments, UK). The hydrodynamic diameter of the samples was measured by DLS using a Zetasizer Nano-ZS system (Malvern Instruments Ltd., Malvern, UK). Zeta potential was measured in water through a Mastersizer 3000 (Malvern, Britain) laser diffraction particle size analyzer. FTIR was performed using a FTIR-8300 series spectrometer for spectral analysis (Shimadzu, Japan). The XPS was performed by an ESCALAB 250 Xi Mg (Thermo Scientific, Japan) X-ray source. The XRD measurements were obtained with a diffractometer (New D8 Advance, Bruker, Germany).
8
Scanning Electron Microscopy Analysis
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The morphology of all samples was determined by Scanning Electron Microscopy SEM (Auriga Base, Carl-Zeiss) associated with an energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyzer (X-MaxN, Oxford Instruments, Abingdon, UK) to detect their chemical composition during SEM observation.
9
Surface Characterization of Glass
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Surface characterization was performed to determine the static air–water contact angle and atomic composition of the selected glass surfaces. Advancing contact angle was analyzed using a contact angle analyzer (100 SB, Sindatek Instruments co., Ltd., Taipei, Taiwan). It is one of the traditional methods used to determine the hydrophilicity of the material surfaces [48 (link)]. The quantitative elemental analysis was approached via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (X-MaxN, Oxford Instruments, Oxford- shire, UK), which utilizes the characteristic spectrum of X-rays that is emitted by a sample, following initial excitation by the high-energy electron beam [49 ].
10
Comprehensive Characterization of G-Se Microballs
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The microstructure of the microballs was examined by SEM (JSM-7001F, JEOL, Ltd.), TEM (CM200, Philips) and HR-TEM (JEM-2100, JEOL, Ltd.), while elemental mapping was carried out by EDX (X-MaxN, Oxford instruments). XRD (DMAX-2200, Rigaku) patterns were recorded at room temperature using Cu-Kα radiation (λ = 1.54056 Å) at a scan rate of 1° min−1, and the scans were performed at 0.04° intervals for 2θ values of 5°–80°. In addition, XPS measurements were conducted using an Omicron ESCA Probe (Omicron Nanotechnology) with monochromated Al-Ka radiation (hν = 1486.6 eV). Raman spectra (Jobin-Yvon LabRAM HR) were recorded at room temperature utilizing a conventional backscattering geometry and a liquid-nitrogen-cooled charge-coupled device multichannel detector. An argon-ion laser with a wavelength of 514.5 nm was utilised as the light source. The thermal properties of the G–Se hybrid microballs were determined using a thermogravimetric analyser (STA409 PC) under N2. Thermogravimetric analysis was carried out from room temperature to 1000 °C at a heating rate of 10 °C min−1. ICP-OES analysis was performed using a Thermo Scientific ICAP 6300 Duo View Spectrometer.
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