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Anti plk1

Manufactured by Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Sourced in United States

Anti-PLK1 is a laboratory reagent that functions as an antibody targeting the PLK1 protein. PLK1 is a serine/threonine-protein kinase that plays a critical role in cell division and is involved in the regulation of mitotic progression. The anti-PLK1 reagent can be used for research purposes to detect and study the PLK1 protein.

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10 protocols using anti plk1

1

Generation and Characterization of Anti-BEX4 Antibodies

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Mouse polyclonal antibodies against human BEX4 protein were generated in C57BL/6 mice. Briefly, purified GST-BEX4 protein was injected four times intraperitoneally. Rabbit polyclonal antibodies against C-terminal polypeptides 89–106 of human BEX4 protein were commercially generated (Youngin Frontier, Seoul, Korea). The other antibodies used in this study were as follows: anti-GFP, anti-PLK1, anti-CDK1, anti-aurora A, anti-cIAP-1, anti-cdc20 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), anti-actin (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), anti-poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP), anti-cleaved-caspase 9, cleaved-caspase 7, anti-active-caspase 3, anti-phospho-threonine (p-Thr) (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-aurora B (BD Biosciences PharMingen, San Diego, CA, USA), anti-securin (PTTG1; Zymed, San Francisco, CA, USA), anti-Myc (Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX, USA), and Alexa Fluor (Invitrogen, Leek, The Netherlands). The following reagents were used: MG132, cycloheximide (CHX), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (AG Scientific, San Diego, CA, USA), nocodazole (Sigma-Aldrich), and PLK1 kinase inhibitor BI2536 (Axon Medchem, Groningen, Netherlands).
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2

Comprehensive Cell Cycle Protein Analysis

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Anti Cyclin E (sc-247), anti Cyclin B (sc-594), anti Cyclin A (sc-751), anti Aurora A (sc-25425), anti Plk1 (sc-5585) and anti-Gsk3α/β (sc7291) were form Santa Cruz Biotechnology (CA, USA); anti-CCDC6 (ab56353) was from Abcam; anti-USP7 (A300-033A) was from Bethyl; anti-MPM2 (05-368) was from Millipore; anti-phospho-Serine (# 37430) was from Qiagen; anti-phospho-Threonine (# 9386) was from Cell Signaling Technology; anti-poly-Histidine (H1029) was from SIGMA-Aldrich, Inc. Secondary antibodies were from Biorad, California.
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3

Western Blotting Analysis of Cell Signaling

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Western blotting assay was performed as described previously (Cao et al, 2011; Zhou et al, 2009). The following antibodies were used in this study: anti-FOXM1 (Santa Cruz, sc-500); anti-acetylated lysine (Cell Signaling Technology, #9681); anti-CDK1 (Abcam, ab133327); anti-MPM-2 (Millipore, 05-368); anti-p300 (Santa Cruz, sc-584); anti-Plk1 (Santa Cruz, sc-17783); anti-CDC25B (Santa Cruz, sc-326); anti-CyclinB1 (Santa Cruz, sc-245); anti-Aurora B (Cell Signaling Technology, 3049S); anti-FLAG (Sigma); anti-Survivin (Cell Signaling Technology, 2808); anti-HA-tag (Cell Signaling Technology); anti-GAPDH (Santa Cruz, sc-47724).
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4

Protein Extraction and Western Blot Analysis

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Total cell lysates were prepared using Hepes buffer (20 mM Hepes at pH 7.4, 100 mM NaCl, 20 mM KAc, 10 mM MgCl2, 10 mM ZnCl2, 1% NP-40, 1 mM Na3VO4, 50 mM NaF). For phosphatase treatment, λ phosphatase (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) was used following the manufacturer’s instruction. Thirty micrograms to 50 μg of each protein sample was separated by 10% SDS-PAGE gel and transferred to PVDF membrane using Amersham semidry transfer system. The following primary antibodies were used in this study: anti-PKR, anti-GAPDH, anti-CCNA, anti-CCNB, and anti-PLK1 were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology; anti-pPKR was purchased from Epitomics; anti-pJNK was purchased from Promega; anti-DROSHA was purchased from Abcam; and anti-H3, anti-pH3, anti-peIF2α, anti-pmTOR, anti-mTOR, anti-p4E-BP1, and anti-4E-BP1 were purchased from Cell Signaling.
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5

Immunoblot Protocol for Protein Analysis

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For immunoblot, normalized cell lysates or immunoprecipitation samples were separated on SDS-PAGE gels and transferred on nitrocellulose membrane (GE Healthcare, Little Chalfont, UK). The blots were probed with the following primary antibodies; anti-Flag (Sigma, St Louis, MO), anti-HA (Covance, Princeton, NJ), anti-H3 (Cell signaling, Danvers, MA), anti-p-H3S10 (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-Aurora B (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-PLK1 (Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX), anti-ACA (Antibodies Incorporated, Davis, CA), anti-CENP-A (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA), anti-phospho serine (Sigma, St Louis, MO). Phosphorylation-specific antibody for Mis18α was generated by injecting synthetic phospho-peptide to rabbits and purified using phospho-peptide affinity chromatography (AbClone, Seoul, South Korea). Peptide sequence used for injection is as follows; 5′-CESPLLEKRL(pS)EDSSR-3′.
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6

Plk1 and Cep63 in HeLa Cells

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HeLa cells were cultured as recommended by the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). Asynchronously growing cells were treated with control DMSO or the indicated concentration of 143. To reveal chromosome morphologies, cells were treated with DAPI, fixed, and subjected to confocal microscopy.
Immunostaining was carried out using anti-Plk1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA), anti-Cep63 (MilliporeSigma), anti-CREST (Antibodies Incorp, Davis, CA), and anti-α-tubulin (Sigma) antibodies. Confocal images were acquired using a Zeiss LSM780 equipped with a plan-apochromat 63× (N.A. 1.4) oil-immersion objective lens, 34-channel GaAsP spectral detector (Carl Zeiss Microscopy, LLC.), and 8-bit, 0.5 μm z-steps.
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7

Protein Immunoprecipitation and Immunoblotting

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Cells were harvested in ice-cold RIPA buffer (100 mM Tris–HCl pH 7.6, 50 mM NaCl, 50 mM β-glycerophosphate, 50 mM NaF, 0.1 mM Na3VO4, 0.5% NP-40, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate and 5 mM EDTA) with protease inhibitor cocktail. Quantified protein lysates were incubated with anti-Flag (Sigma, F1804) and anti-HA (ABM, G036) at 4 °C overnight, followed by agarose beads were incubated for 2 h. Total protein lysates and immunoprecipitates were subjected to immunoblotting with anti-Flag-HRP (Sigma, A8592), anti-HA-HRP (Roche, 12013819001), anti-PLK1 (Cell Signaling Technology, 4513), anti-PLK1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-17783), anti-RhoGDI1 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-373724), anti-RhoGDI1 (invitrogen, 51-1000Z), anti-GST (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-138), anti-His (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-8036), anti-Phospho-(Ser/Thr) (Cell Signaling Technology, 9631), anti-RhoA (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-418), anti-Rac1 (Millipore, 05-389), anti-Cdc42 (BD Bioscience, 610929) and β-Actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, sc-47778).
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8

Validation of HeLa Cell Lines

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HeLa cells were purchased from ATCC. The cell lines were validated using STR profiling and free from mycoplasma contamination for all experiments. Antibodies: anti-β-actin (Sigma, A5441); anti-HA (Bethyl Laboratories, A190-108A); anti-FLAG (Sigma, F1084); anti-Myc (PTM Bio, #PTM-5390); and anti-USP16 and anti-USP16-pS552 antibodies were described before (27 (link)); anti-OGT (Abcam, AB96718);RL2 (Abcam AB2739); anti-Histone H2A (CST #2578); anti-uH2A (Abcam AB193203); and anti-PLK1 (Santa Cruz, SC-17783). USP16 plasmids were described before (27 (link)). USP16-T203AS214A(2A) plasmids were generated using specific primers (sequences available upon request) following the manufacturer’s instructions (ClonExpress Ultra One Step Cloning Kit, Vazyme C115). OGT plasmids and antibodies have been described (31 (link)).
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9

Western Blot Analysis of Cell Signaling Proteins

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Cells were plated and treated as described in Trypan blue paragraph. After incubation with treatments, cells were chemically lysed with lysis buffer (Hepes pH7.5 1M, NaCl 3M, glycerol, Triton X-100 10%, MgCl2 1.5M, EGTA 0.1M, PMSF 0.1M, aprotinine 1%, Na-pyrophosphate 0.1M, Na3VO4 0.5M) and mechanically removed with a cell scraper. Protein samples were than clarified with centrifugation and quantified using Bradford method. Proteins were than separated in an SDS-PAGE and subsequently transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. Western blotting was performed according to antibody manufacturers. Primary antibodies used: anti-EMI1 (1:1000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), anti-cyclin B (1:1000, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), anti-PLK1 (1:1000, Santa Cruz, Dallas, TX, USA), anti-P-CDK1 (1:1000, Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA, USA), anti-p53 (1:1000), and anti-actin (1:2000). Secondary antibody: anti-rabbit (1:2000), anti-mouse (1:2000), and anti-goat (1:2000). To detect proteins, enhanced chemiluminescence was performed using the Lite Ablot PLUS kit (Euroclone, Pero, Italy) and images of western blot were analyzed with ImageJ software (v1.53c).
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10

Immunofluorescence Staining of HeLa Cells

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HeLa cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS at room temperature for 20 min, washed three times with PBS. Nonspecific binding sites were blocked with 10% normal goat serum, 0.1% Triton X-100 for 1 h at room temperature. The cells were then stained for 2 h at room temperature with the primary binder / antibody. After that, the cells were washed three times with PBS containing 0.1% TritonX-100, following by staining for 1 h with the secondary antibody. Finally, cells were washed three times with PBS containing 0.1% Triton X-100, and mounted with ProLong Gold Antifade reagent with DAPI (Invitrogen). Alexa Fluor 488 or 647 conjugated F(ab')₂ fragment goat anti-human IgG, F(ab')2 fragment specific (Jackson ImmunoResearch) was used as the secondary antibody (1:500) when using sAB-K29 as the primary binder (2 μg/mL). Other primary antibodies are diluted as followed: Anti AuroraB (Fisher,1:500); Anti α-Tubulin (Genscript, 1:50-1:100); Anti ɑ-Tubulin (proteintech, 1:200); Anti c-Myc (Genscript, 0.5 μg/mL); Anti EIF3B (Santa Cruz, 1:100); Anti INCENP (Santa Cruz,1:100), Anti MKLP1(Santa Cruz, 1:100); Anti Proteasome 20S core subunits (Fisher, 1:250); Anti K48-Ub (Abcam, 1:200); Anti VCP (Santa Cruz,1:200); Anti G3BP1 (proteintech,1:500); Anti pTBK1 (cell signaling,1:50); Anti PLK1 (Santa Cruz,1:50). Images were collected by a Leica SP5 2photon laser scanning confocal microscope.
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