Dexamethasone (dex)

Manufactured by BD

Sourced in United States

Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid medication used in various laboratory applications. It functions as a potent anti-inflammatory agent and can be utilized in cell culture and research experiments.

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Lab products found in correlation

Dexamethasone (dex), by Merck Group (6 mentions) Insulin, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Insulin, by BD (2 mentions) Dulbecco modified eagle medium (dmem), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Sodium pyruvate, by BD (2 mentions) Fetal bovine serum (fbs), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Ascorbic acid 2 phosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by BD (1 mentions) 3 isobutyl l methylxanthine, by Merck Group (1 mentions) L proline, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Linoleic acid, by BD (1 mentions) L ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Lsrfortessa, by BD (1 mentions) Cfse dye, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Annexin 5 and 7 aad, by BD (1 mentions) Facscalibur, by BD (1 mentions) β glycerophosphate, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Ascorbic acid, by Merck Group (1 mentions) Microplate reader, by Tecan (1 mentions) Its premix, by BD (1 mentions)

9 protocols using dexamethasone (dex)

Multilineage Differentiation of Human iPSCs

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Mesenchymal differentiation of human iPSCs was induced using specific osteogenic, chondrogenic and adipogenic differentiation media. For adipocyte differentiation, cells were cultured in DMEM containing 10% Knockout SR, 0.1 mM β-mercaptoethanol, 2 mM glutamine, 1% NEAA, 100 nM retinoic acid, 0.5 mM 3-isobutyl-L-methylxanthine (Sigma), 1 μg ml⁻¹ insulin (Sigma) and 0.25 μM dexamethasone (Sigma) for 3 weeks. For differentiation into osteocytes, cells were cultured in DMEM containing 0.1 mM L-ascorbic acid (Sigma), 10 mM dexamethasone and 1 M indomethacin for 3 weeks. For chondrocyte differentiation, cells were cultured in DMEM containing 1% Knockout SR, 2 mM L-glutamine, 1% NEAA, 40 μg ml⁻¹L-proline (Sigma), 50 μg ml⁻¹ ascorbic acid 2-phosphate (Sigma), 1% sodium pyruvate, 1% ITS (6.25 mg ml⁻¹ insulin, 6.25 mg ml⁻¹ transferrin and 6.25 ng ml⁻¹ selenium), 1.25 mg ml⁻¹ bovine serum albumin, 5.35 mg ml⁻¹ linoleic acid (BD Bioscience, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), 0.1 μM dexamethasone and 100 ng ml⁻¹ BMP2 for 3 weeks.

Son M.Y., Lee M.O., Jeon H., Seol B., Kim J.H., Chang J.S, & Cho Y.S. (2016). Generation and characterization of integration-free induced pluripotent stem cells from patients with autoimmune disease. Experimental & Molecular Medicine, 48(5), e232-.

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Phagocytic Clearance of Apoptotic Thymocytes

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For fluorescent labeling of thymocyte membranes, WT thymocytes were incubated with CFSE dye (5μM; C1157, ThermoFisher Scientific) for 8 min with constant agitation at room temperature. CFSE-labeled thymocytes were then incubated with 2μM Dexamethasone (D1756, Sigma) for 6 h in 37°C incubator to induce apoptosis. Our preliminary experiment confirmed that around 70% CFSE-labeled thymocytes became apoptotic after Dexamethasone incubation by Annexin V and 7AAD staining (#559763, BD Biosciences). The CFSE-labeled apoptotic thymocytes were then incubated for 10 min with or without 10nM recombinant mouse PROS1 (#9740-PS-050, R&D systems), added to the astrocyte culture at a ratio of 20:1 (apoptotic thymocytes: astrocytes), and incubated for 12 h at 37°C. Astrocytes were then briefly washed in PBS for 3 times, incubated for 3 min at 37°C in 0.25% trypsin and detached by vigorous pipetting. Phagocytic astrocytes were assessed using LSR Fortessa (BD Biosciences). Dead cells were excluded by PI staining. The post-acquisition data was analyzed by FlowJo software (v10.8.1).

Hou J., Zhou Y., Cai Z., Terekhova M., Swain A., Andhey P.S., Guimaraes R.M., Antonova A.U., Qiu T., Sviben S., Strout G., Fitzpatrick J.A., Chen Y., Gilfillan S., Kim D.H., Van Dyken S.J., Artyomov M.N, & Colonna M. (2023). Transcriptomic atlas and interaction networks of brain cells in mouse CNS demyelination and remyelination. Cell reports, 42(4), 112293.

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Characterizing Stem Cell Markers and Osteogenic Potential

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To characterize stem cell surface marker expression, CD45 (a hematopoietic cell marker), CD44, CD73, CD90, and CD105 (mesenchymal stem cell surface marker), hPDLSCs were stained with the following antibodies: PerCP-conjugated anti-CD45 antibody (BD Biosciences Pharmingen, San Diego, CA, USA), FITC-conjugated anti-human CD44 mAb (BD Biosciences Pharmingen), FITC-conjugated anti-human CD73 antibody (BD Biosciences Pharmingen), APC-conjugated anti-CD90 antibody (BD Biosciences Pharmingen), and PE-conjugated anti-human CD105 mAb (BD Biosciences Pharmingen) and determined using flow cytometry (FACSCalibur, BD Bioscience).
To evaluate osteogenic differentiation lineage ability, hPDLSCs were maintained in an osteogenic induction medium (OM) with is GM supplemented with, 250 nM dexamethasone (cat. No. D8893, Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA), 5 mM β-glycerophosphate (cat. No. G9422, Sigma–Aldrich) and 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid (cat. No. A-4034, Sigma–Aldrich) for 14 and 21 days. An in vitro mineralization was determined using Alizarin Red S staining.

Manokawinchoke J., Chareonvit S., Trachoo V., Limraksasin P., Egusa H, & Osathanon T. (2022). Intermittent compressive force regulates dentin matrix protein 1 expression in human periodontal ligament stem cells. Journal of Dental Sciences, 18(1), 105-111.

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Temporal IGF-1 Release Kinetics

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Temporal release of IGF-1 was determined for meshes containing 0, 50, and 100 ng/mg IGF-1 (n=4 samples/group). Briefly, disks (Ø 10 mm) were cored from the mesh using a biopsy punch (Sklar) and sterilized with ultraviolet light (15 min/side). The disks were immersed (~2.2 mg/mL) in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM, Thermo Fisher Scientific) with 1% ITS + premix (BD Biosciences), 50 μg/mL proline, 0.1 μM dexamethasone, 0.9 mM sodium pyruvate, and 50 μg/mL ascorbic acid (all from Sigma-Aldrich). The samples were incubated at 37 °C and 5% CO₂, with media collected and replaced every 3 days. Supernatant IGF-1 concentration was quantified via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, R&D Systems). Briefly, the samples were added directly to assay diluent in a prepared plate and incubated for 2 h at 4 °C. Each well was washed four times before incubation for 1 h with IGF-1 conjugate at 4 °C. The conjugate was removed, the wells were washed four times, and the substrate solution was added to each well and allowed to react in the dark. Stop solution was added after 30 min, absorbance was measured at 450 and 570 nm with a microplate reader (Tecan, Männedorf, Switzerland), and the absorbance difference was used to calculate IGF-1 concentration based on a standard curve.

Boushell M.K., Mosher C.Z., Suri G.K., Doty S.B., Strauss E.J., Hunziker E.B, & Lu H.H. (2019). Polymeric mesh and insulin-like growth factor 1 delivery enhance cell homing and graft−cartilage integration. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1442(1), 138-152.

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Dexamethasone-Induced Thymocyte Apoptosis

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Thymocytes from C57BL/6 mice were treated with 1 μM dexamethasone (Sigma) for 6 h. After extensive wash, AC were used for in vivo injection. For the preparation of labeled AC for in vitro experiments, thymocytes were first labeled with 0.2 μg/mL CellTracker Green CMFDA (Invitrogen) for 30 min at room temperature and then treated with 1 μM dexamethasone for 6 h. Annexin V and propidium iodide (BD Biosciences) staining was used to confirm apoptosis of thymocytes.

Xiao S., Brooks C.R., Sobel R.A, & Kuchroo V.K. (2015). Tim-1 is essential for induction and maintenance of IL-10 in regulatory B cells and their regulation of tissue inflammation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 194(4), 1602-1608.

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Primary Hepatocyte and HSC Culture

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Primary hepatocytes were plated on Collagen I–coated plates (BD) in Williams’ Medium E supplemented with 10% FBS, 1 μM dexamethasone, 4 μg/ml insulin, 10 mM Hepes buffer, 2 mM L-glutamine, 8 mg/l gentamicin, antibiotic-antimycotic, and 1 mM glucose. Primary HSCs were cultured in 10% FBS Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), and LX-2 cells were cultured in 2% FBS DMEM. To collect the conditioned medium from WT and OGT-LKO hepatocytes, cells were replaced with FBS-free Williams’ Medium E 4 h after seeding and cultured overnight. The medium was then collected and filtered with a 0.2-μm strainer. The medium was added to HSCs, and the cells were cultured in the conditioned medium for 16 h before harvested for further analysis. DMEM, FBS, William’s medium E, Hepes buffer, glutamine stock solution, antibiotic-antimycotic, gentamicin, and amphotericin were from Gibco. dexamethasone, insulin, and glucose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.

Zhang B., Lapenta K., Wang Q., Nam J.H., Chung D., Robert M.E., Nathanson M.H, & Yang X. (2021). Trefoil factor 2 secreted from damaged hepatocytes activates hepatic stellate cells to induce fibrogenesis. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 297(1), 100887.

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Multilineage Potential of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Multi-differentiation potential of MMSCs and BMSCs in vitro were tested for adipogenesis, chondrogenesis, and osteogenesis. Both types of cells at passage 2 were seeded either on plastic surfaces in 6-well plates at a density of 2.4 × 10⁵ cells/well or in 24-well plates at a density of 6 × 10⁴ cells/well in basic growth medium consisting of low glucose DMEM, 10% heat inactivated FBS, 100U/ml penicillin, and 100 μg/ml streptomycin. To test adipogenic potential, cells were cultured in adipogenic induction medium (Millipore, Billerica, MA) consisting of basic growth medium added with dexamethasone (1 μM), insulin (10 μg/ml), indomethacin (100 μM), and isobutylmethylxanthine (0.5 mM). As a test of chondrogenic potential, two kinds of MSCs were cultured in basic growth medium supplemented with prolin (40 μg/ml), dexamethasone (39 ng/ml), TGF-β3 (10 ng/ml), ascorbate 2-phosphate (50 μg/ml), sodium pyruvate (100 μg/ml), and insulin transferrin-selenious acid mix (50 mg/ml) (BD Bioscience, Bedford, MA). Finally, the osteogenic potential of MMSCs and BMSCs was tested by culturing them in osteogenic induction medium (Millipore, Billerica, MA) consisting of basic growth medium supplemented with dexamethasone (0.1 μM), ascorbic 2-phosphate (0.2 mM), and glycerol 2-phosphate (10 mM).

Ding Z, & Huang H. (2015). Mesenchymal stem cells in rabbit meniscus and bone marrow exhibit a similar feature but a heterogeneous multi-differentiation potential: superiority of meniscus as a cell source for meniscus repair. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 16, 65.

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Chondrogenic Differentiation of Rabbit AF Cells

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For chondrogenic differentiation, rabbit AF cells were cultured in a pellet culture system as previously described [15] (link). AF cells (2×10⁵) were pelleted by gentle centrifugation for 5 minutes at 500 g in a 15-mL polypropylene tube. The pellets were then cultured in chondrogenic medium for three weeks. Chondrogenic induction medium consisted of DMEM supplemented with 1% fetal bovine serum, 10 nM dexamethasone, 10 ng/ml transforming growth factor β1 (BD Biosciences, NJ), 1% ITS-Premix (6.25 g/ml insulin, 6.25 g/ml transferrin, 6.25 ng/ml selenium acid, 1.25 mg/ml bovine serum albumin, and 5.35 mg/ml linoleic acid (Collaborative Biomedical, MA), and 37.5 g/ml ascorbic-2-phosphate (Sigma, MO). Cell pellets cultured in DMEM with 1% fetal bovine serum and 1% ITS-Premix were used as controls.

Jin L., Liu Q., Scott P., Zhang D., Shen F., Balian G, & Li X. (2014). Annulus Fibrosus Cell Characteristics Are a Potential Source of Intervertebral Disc Pathogenesis. PLoS ONE, 9(5), e96519.

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Cryopreserved Hepatocyte Culture and Treatment

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Cryopreserved primary human hepatocytes (Life Technologies) from a single donor were suspended in 50 mL of cryopreserved hepatocyte recovery medium (Life Technologies) and pelleted by centrifugation at 100 g for 10 min at room temperature. The pellets were suspended in DMEM supplemented with 1× penicillin/ streptomycin/l-glutamine (PSG; Life Technologies), 1× insulin-transferrin-selenium (ITS; Life Technologies), 100 nM dexamethasone (Sigma Aldrich) and 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco). The hepatocytes were then seeded at a density of 70,000 viable cells per well in 96-well collagen-I-coated cell culture plates (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA, USA) and placed in a 37°C incubator with 5% CO 2 and 90% relative humidity. When the cells were fully attached (~4-6 h post-seeding), the medium was replaced with Williams E media (Gibco) supplemented with 1× PSG, 1× ITS, 100 nM dexamethasone and 0.275 mg/mL Matrigel (BD Biosciences) and cultured overnight. On the following morning, the medium was replaced with the same Williams E media without Matrigel, and the plates were returned to the incubator for an additional 24 h. The cells were then treated with test articles in the Williams E media without Matrigel for 6 h. At the end of the treatment period, cells were harvested for RNA extraction and gene expression analysis.

Chen M.M., Hale C., Stanislaus S., Xu J, & Véniant M.M. (2018). FGF21 acts as a negative regulator of bile acid synthesis. The Journal of endocrinology, 237(2).

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