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6 protocols using cdna synthesis supermix

1

Verification of RNA Sequencing via qPCR

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For verifying the results of RNA sequencing, qPCR assay was performed. Total RNA was extracted from the U2OS cells with and without TB treatment using RNAiso Plus (Takara Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), followed by cDNA synthesis using an All-in-One cDNA Synthesis SuperMix. Subsequently, the 2X SYBR-Green qPCR Master Mix kit was used for transcript quantification with specific primers. All the reactions were set up according to the manufacturers instructions. At the end of each reaction, a melting curve analysis was performed. Data were normalized to the expression of ACTIN and presented using the 2−Δ∆Cq method (Table I) (19 (link)).
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2

Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) Protocol

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qRT-PCR was conducted as described previously.18 (link) The whole brain or PAs were homogenized and mixed with Trizol reagent for RNA extraction. The yields of RNA were assessed using a Nanodrop 2000 spectrophotometer. cDNA synthesis was conducted using a cDNA Synthesis Supermix (TAKARA, Japan). qRT-PCR assays were performed using the SYBR qPCR Supermix Plus (TAKARA, Japan). β-actin was used to normalize gene expression data. To detect miRNA expression, total RNA was reverse transcribed and then mixed with TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix (TAKARA, Japan) and miRNA-specific TaqMan primers (Springen, Nanjing, China). MiRNA expression data were normalized to U6 RNA. The fold-change of gene expression was measured using the 2−ΔΔCt method.18 (link) All primer sequences for qRT-PCR are presented in Supplementary Table S1.
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3

Isolation and Quantification of Nuclear and Cytoplasmic RNAs

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By reference to the guidance of the manufacturer (Ambion, TX), cells were segregated by means of a PARIS kit. Concisely, OC cells (1×107) underwent lysis in 1 mL cell segregation buffer and 15 min of centrifugation at 500 g. Next, TRIzol LS and TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, USA) were independently employed to harvest the RNAs in the nuclear pellet and cell supernatant, and the total RNA was subjected to synthesis with the use of One Step gDNA Removal kit and cDNA Synthesis SuperMix (TaKaRa, China). QRT-PCR was then implemented thrice on a LightCycler 480 system (Roche, Switzerland) by means of an SYBR Premix Ex Taq kit (TaKaRa, China). QRT-PCR primer sequences are shown below: LINC00963, F, 5′-GGTAAATCGAGGCCCAGAGAT-3′, R, 5′-ACGTGGATGACAGCGTGTGA-3′; CHI3L1, F, 5′-GTGAAGGCGTCTCAAACAGG-3′, R, 5′-GAAGCGGTCAAGGGCATCT-3′; miR-378g, F, 5′-ACACTCCAGCTGGGGAAGACTGAGGTTC-3′, reverse, 5′-CTCAACTGGTGTCGTGGAGTCGGCAATTCAGTTGAGAGCCCAGT-3′; GAPDH, F, 5′-CATGAGAAGTATGACAACAGCCT-3′, R, 5′-AGTCCTTCCACGATACCAAAGT-3′. 2−ΔΔCt method was adopted for the calculation of mRNA and miRNA expression levels, which normalized to GAPDH or U6 level.
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4

Detailed qPCR Gene Expression Analysis Protocol

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cDNA Synthesis SuperMix was purchased from TaKaRa (Tokyo, Japan). The Hieff UNICON qPCR SYBR Green Master Mix and TRITC Phalloidin (40734ES75) were purchased from Yeasen Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The DNA primer sequences presented in Table 1 were synthesized by Tsingke Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). The BeyoClick EdU kit (C0071S) was purchased from Beyotime Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. (Jiangsu, China). The Cell Genetic DNA Extraction Kit (YDP304) was purchased from TIANGEN Biotechnology Co.,Ltd (Beijing, China). The cell culture dishes were purchased from SORFA Biotechnology Co.,Ltd (Beijing, China). The NLRP3 inhibitor (MCC950) was purchased from MCE Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). All other chemical reagents were of reagent grade.

Sequences of gene primer.

Table 1
Gene namePrimer sequence (5′-3′)
iNOS-FATCCTGGAGGTCCTGGAAGAGT
iNOS-RCCTGGGTTTCAGAAGTGGCA
TNF-α-FCTATGCCAACAAGTACACC
TNF-α-RAAGAGGCCACCACACGACA
IL10-FGCTGCGCTTCTACACAGATG
IL10-RTCCCGTTCTCATCCATCTTC
PPARγ-FGGGCGATCTTGACAGGAA
PPARγ-RGCCTCCACAGAGCGAAAC
GAPDH-FCCTCTCTGGCAAAGTCCAAG
GAPDH-RTTGATGTTGCTGGGGTCACG
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5

RNA Extraction and qRT-PCR Analysis

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Whole brains or astrocytes were homogenized and dissolved in Trizol (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) to extract RNA. The concentrations of RNA were measured by a Nanodrop 2000 spectrophotometer (Thermo Fisher, USA). Reverse transcription was performed using a cDNA Synthesis Supermix (TAKARA, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan). The cDNA was subjected to qRT-PCR with the SYBR qPCR Supermix Plus (TAKARA). Expression data were normalized to β-actin. In addition, the total RNA was reverse transcribed to determine the miRNA expression, and the resulting cDNA was mixed with miRNA-specific TaqMan primers (springen, Nanjing, China) and TaqMan Universal PCR Master Mix (TAKARA). U6 RNA was used as an endogenous control for data normalization. Relative changes in expression were measured using the comparative threshold cycle (Ct) method and 2-ΔΔCt as described,21 (link) and the results indicated the fold change of expression. These primers for qRT-PCR are shown in Supplementary Table S1.
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6

Quantifying Cuproptosis-Related Genes

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Total cellular RNA was extracted using a total RNA extraction kit (220010, Shanghai Feijie) according to standard protocol. The RNA was used to synthesize complementary DNA (cDNA) with a cDNA Synthesis SuperMix (RR036A, TaKaRa). The cDNA was used as a template and the seven cuproptosis related genes (GRGs) expression was quantified with the Roche LightCycler 480 using TB Green Premix Ex Taq II (RR820A, TaKaRa). GAPDH was used as an endogenous control. Primers were synthesized by Sangon Biotech (Sangon, Shanghai). The primer sequences are shown in Table 1.
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